This study is a meta-analysis assessing the safety and efficacy of programmed cell death-1/cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors in order to improve their efficacy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. We retrieved studies of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer from electronic databases; 17 clinical trials were analyzed. The pooled hazard ratios for overall and progression-free survival (PFS), and the odds ratios (ORs) for the objective response rate (ORR) and adverse effects were calculated using Review Manager 5.3. The pooled hazard ratios for overall and PFS were 0.69 and 0.74, respectively, and the pooled OR for the ORR was 1.78, implying a significant improvement in overall survival (OS), PFS, and ORR with administration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In subgroup analysis, the ORs of the ORR were 2.48 in PD-L1 positive versus negative tumors, and 0.99 for a high dose of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus a low dose. The ORs for the occurrence of any treatment-related adverse effects and grades 3-5 treatment-related adverse effects were 0.33 and 0.30, respectively, suggesting a good safety profile. PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy has superior outcomes in terms of the ORR, OS, and PFS with tolerable adverse effects when compared with chemotherapy.