Compartment syndrome of the limb is a true orthopaedic emergency that warrants prompt evaluation and treatment. Acute compartment syndrome of the limb is not uncommon and has the potential to cause devastating morbidity and mortality. Failure to provide urgent surgical intervention once established can lead to irreversible tissue damage within hours of onset. Compartment syndrome can occur across all limbs, the buttocks and even the abdomen, but this article focuses solely on the diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome of the limb. Acute compartment syndrome can have a wide range of causes, with trauma representing approximately 70% of cases.
Keywords: BOAST guidelines; Compartment syndrome; Fasciotomy; Orthopaedic emergency; Orthopaedics; Trauma.