Immune-Mediated Neuropathies

Neurol Clin. 2020 Aug;38(3):711-735. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.03.008. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Abstract

The immune-mediated neuropathies are a broad category of diseases differentiated by time course, affected nerve fibers, and disease associations. This article spans the common, well-defined inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy) to the rarer, acquired demyelinating neuropathy variants (Miller-Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy), vasculitic neuropathies, and sensory neuronopathies (dorsal root ganglionopathies). These case studies illustrate the characteristic clinical patterns of the immune-mediated neuropathies encountered in neurologic practice. Recommendations for diagnostic evaluation and treatment approach accompany each case. Prompt recognition of these disorders is imperative; delays in treatment may result in prolonged morbidity and permanent disability.

Keywords: Autoimmune neuropathy; CIDP; Guillain-Barré syndrome; Miller-Fisher syndrome; Multifocal motor neuropathy; Nodo-paranodopathy; Sensory neuronopathy; Vasculitic neuropathy.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Female
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome / diagnostic imaging*
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome / immunology*
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome / therapy
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Miller Fisher Syndrome / diagnostic imaging*
  • Miller Fisher Syndrome / immunology*
  • Miller Fisher Syndrome / therapy
  • Polyneuropathies / diagnostic imaging*
  • Polyneuropathies / immunology*
  • Polyneuropathies / therapy
  • Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating / diagnostic imaging*
  • Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating / immunology*
  • Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating / therapy