Aim: To improve the identification and interpretation of pharmacogenetic variants through the integration of disease and drug-related traits. Materials & methods: We hypothesized that integrating genome-wide disease and pharmacogenomic data may drive new insights into drug toxicity and response by identifying shared genetic architecture. Pleiotropic variants were identified using a methodological framework incorporating colocalization analysis. Results: Using genome-wide association studies summary statistics from the UK Biobank, European Bioinformatics Institute genome-wide association studies catalog and the Pharmacogenomics Research Network, we validated pleiotropy at the ABCG2 locus between allopurinol response and gout and identified novel pleiotropy between antihypertensive-induced new-onset diabetes, Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease at the IL18RAP/SLC9A4 locus. Conclusion: New mechanistic insights and genetic loci can be uncovered by identifying pleiotropy between disease and drug-related traits.
Keywords: adverse drug reactions; data integration; disease-drug relationships; drug response; pleiotropy.
Lay abstract Disease-focused genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a plethora of actionable genetic variants over the last 20 years. International collaboration and technological breakthroughs have enabled rapid genotyping and data collection, which has correspondingly increased sample size and power. Contrastingly, recruitment of well-characterized cohorts of patients for pharmacogenomics research has proven challenging. Given the greater number of associated genetic variants and larger cohort sizes in common disease GWAS, we hypothesized that integrating genome-wide disease and pharmacogenomic data may drive new insights into drug toxicity and drug efficacy phenotypes, beyond the standard scope of current pharmacogenetic analyses. Using GWAS summary statistics from the UK Biobank, European Bioinformatics Institute GWAS catalog, and the Pharmacogenomics Research Network, and a methodological framework incorporating colocalization analysis, we validated pleiotropy at the ABCG2 locus between allopurinol response, gout, and serum urate and identified novel pleiotropy between antihypertensive-induced new-onset diabetes, Crohn’s disease and inflammatory bowel disease at the IL18RAP/SLC9A4 locus.