Taxol (paclitaxel), a chemotherapeutic agent for several cancers, can adversely affect the peripheral nervous system. Recently, its negative impact on cognitive function in cancer patients has become evident. In rodents, taxol impaired learning and memory, with other possible negative effects on the brain. In this study, we investigated the effects of taxol on cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) from the mouse neurogenic region, the subventricular zone (SVZ). Taxol significantly decreased both proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs. Transient treatment with taxol for one day during a 4-day differentiation greatly decreased neurogenesis along with an abnormal cell cycle progression. Yet, taxol did not kill differentiated Tuj1+ neurons and those neurons had longer neurites than neurons under control conditions. For glial differentiation, taxol significantly reduced oligodendrogenesis as observed by immunostaining for Olig2 and O4. However, differentiation of astrocytes was not affected by taxol. In contrast, differentiated oligodendrocytes were extremely sensitive to taxol. Almost no Olig2-positive cells were observed after three days of treatment with taxol. Taxol has distinct effects on neurons and glial cells during their production through differentiation from NSCs as well as post-differentiation. Thus, we suggest that taxol might interfere with neurogenesis of NSCs possibly through a disturbance in the cell cycle and may eliminate differentiated oligodendrocytes.
Keywords: Neural stem cell; Neuronal differentiation; Oligodendrocytes; Paclitaxel; Subventricular zone; Taxol.
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