The function of adipsin and C9 protein in the complement system in HIV-associated preeclampsia

Objective: In preeclampsia, there are excessive complement components expressed due to increased complement activation; therefore, this study investigated the concentration of adipsin and C9 in HIV-associated preeclampsia.

Method: The study population (n = 76) was stratified by pregnancy type (normotensive pregnant and preeclampsia) and by HIV status. Serum was assayed for the concentration of adipsin and C9 using a Bioplex immunoassay procedure.

Results: Maternal weight did not differ (p = 0.1196) across the study groups. The concentration of adipsin was statistically different between the PE vs normotensive pregnant groups, irrespective of HIV status (p = 0.0439). There was no significant difference in adipsin concentration between HIV-negative vs HIV-positive groups, irrespective of pregnancy type (p = 0.6290). Additionally, there was a significant difference in adipsin concentration between HIV-negative normotensive vs HIV-negative preeclampsia (p < 0.05), as well as a difference between HIV-negative preeclampsia vs HIV-positive preeclampsia (p < 0.05). C9 protein expression was not statistically different between the normotensive and PE groups, regardless of HIV status (p = 0.5365). No statistical significance in C9 expression was found between HIV-positive vs HIV-negative groups, regardless of pregnancy type (p = 0.3166). Similarly, no statistical significance was noted across all study groups (p = 0.0774).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that there is a strong correlation between the up-regulation of adipsin and PE and that adipsin is a promising biomarker to use as a diagnostic tool for PE.