Review of the neurological aspects of HIV infection

Hoosain Faruk Paruk; Ahmed Iqbal Bhigjee

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2021.117453

Review of the neurological aspects of HIV infection

J Neurol Sci. 2021 Jun 15:425:117453. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117453. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Authors

Hoosain Faruk Paruk¹, Ahmed Iqbal Bhigjee²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, The Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Private Bag X03, Mayville, 4058 Durban, South Africa.
² Department of Neurology, The Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Private Bag X03, Mayville, 4058 Durban, South Africa. Electronic address: bhigjee@ukzn.ac.za.

PMID: 33895464
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117453

Abstract

There are almost 40 million people in the world who live with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The neurological manifestations associated with HIV contribute to significant morbidity and mortality despite the advances made with anti-retroviral therapy (ART). This review presents an approach to classification of neurological disorders in HIV, differentiating diseases due to the virus itself and those due to opportunistic infection. The effects of antiretroviral therapy are also discussed. The emphasis is on the developing world where advanced complications of HIV itself and infections such as tuberculosis (TB), toxoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis remain prevalent.

Keywords: HIV; Neurological manifestations.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections* / complications
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections* / epidemiology
HIV Infections* / complications
HIV Infections* / drug therapy
Humans
Meningitis, Cryptococcal* / complications
Meningitis, Cryptococcal* / diagnosis
Meningitis, Cryptococcal* / epidemiology
Nervous System Diseases* / epidemiology
Nervous System Diseases* / etiology
Tuberculosis*