Upper gastrointestinal series is considered the gold standard imaging test to evaluate for malrotation and midgut volvulus. US has been explored for this purpose in recent years and has been shown to be a good alternative because of its relatively good accuracy, fast learning curve for sonographers and radiologists, as well as convenience for children, clinical staff and radiologists in the neonatal intensive care unit. In this article we describe our experience and review the evidence supporting the use of emergency US primarily to diagnose midgut volvulus as well as its use as a problem-solving tool for the diagnosis of malrotation. The examination technique, normal and abnormal findings are described, with emphasis on the whirlpool and superior mesenteric artery cutoff signs to diagnose midgut volvulus.
Keywords: Children; Gastrointestinal tract; Infants; Malrotation; Midgut; Ultrasound; Upper gastrointestinal series; Volvulus.
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.