Retroperitoneal hematoma is a life-threatening condition where early diagnosis and correct treatment are of utmost importance. Bleeding in the retroperitoneal space has a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to present current published scientific evidence regarding the incidence, mechanism of injury, diagnostic methods and treatment based on a review of international literature covering the last 40 years. The systematic review of the literature was performed using the SCOPUS and PUBMED databases. Publications in English were included. We have not included publications dealing with this issue in children. Systematic reviews showed an increasing trend toward nonsurgical management of retroperitoneal injuries.
Keywords: retroperitoneal hematoma; trauma; treatment − diagnosis.