The Course and Neonatal Outcome of Choroid Plexus Extension to the Anterior Horn at the Routine Anatomy Scan

Objectives: Our objective was to examine the pregnancy course and immediate neonatal outcome of fetuses with an isolated extension of choroid plexus (CP) to the anterior horn during the second trimester.

Methods: We prospectively collected the cases referred to us between July 2012 and January 2021 with isolated finding of CP extension to the anterior horn. Relevant clinical and demographic information was recorded, and a full anatomy scan including a comprehensive neurosonogram was performed. In cases of confirmed isolated extension of CP to the anterior horns, women were offered further investigation including fetal MRI, and ultrasound follow up.

Results: We collected 29 eligible cases for analysis. The mean gestational age (GA ± SD) for diagnosis and referral was 19.24 ± 2.3 weeks. No other intracranial anomalies were detected in any of the cases, and the finding resolved at 25 ± 2.6 weeks. The average extension length and width to the anterior horn were 0.7 ± 0.3 cm, and 0.5 ± 0.1 cm, respectively. Eleven fetuses (38%) had choroid plexus cyst (CPC) in addition to the extension. Ten patients (35%) completed a fetal brain MRI, with no identified abnormalities. Gross neurological exam and Apgar score at birth were normal.

Conclusion: Extension of CP to anterior horn with or without CPC at mid-trimester seems to have spontaneous resolution with likely a good prognosis and no further implications.