The most important complication of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is secondary amyloidosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk of developing FMF-related amyloidosis with macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) variants. This study included 62 FMF patients with amyloidosis, 110 FMF patients without amyloidosis, and 120 controls. The clinical information of the patient groups was compared. MIF-173G/C, IL-4 variant number tandem repeat (VNTR), and IL-1RA VNTR variants were analyzed for all participants. The use of colchicine, pleurisy, and appendectomy was more common in FMF patients with amyloidosis than in FMF patients without amyloidosis. MIF-173G/C C/C genotype and C allele were higher in both patient groups compared to controls. IL-1RA VNTR A1/A2 and A1/A4 genotypes and A1-A4 alleles were more common in both patient groups than controls. The IL-4 VNTR P1 allele was more common in FMF patients with amyloidosis compared to controls. The MIF-173G/C allele and the IL-1RA VNTR A1-A4 allele are associated with FMF in the Turkish population but not with amyloidosis risk in FMF patients. The IL-4 VNTR P1 allele is more common in FMF patients with amyloidosis than in healthy individuals.
Keywords: FMF-related amyloidosis; Familial Mediterranean fever; IL-1RA; IL-4; MIF.