The three influenza virus polymerase, or P, proteins (PB1, PB2, and PA) that are associated with viral nucleocapsids and are responsible for viral mRNA synthesis are in the form of a complex that moves down the template in association with the growing mRNAs during transcription (J. Braam, I. Ulmanen, and R.M. Krug, Cell 34:609-618, 1983). We determined whether infected cells contained a pool of P proteins not associated with viral nucleocapsids and, if so, whether the P proteins in this pool were in the form of a complex with each other. The cytoplasmic and nuclear extracts from infected cells were depleted of nucleocapsids by centrifugation, and the resulting supernatants were subjected to immunoprecipitation with an antiserum specific for either the PB1 protein or the PB2 protein. Both antisera precipitated all three P proteins, indicating that the P proteins were in a complex that was largely resistant to disruption by the detergents present in the immunoprecipitation buffer. Sucrose density gradient analysis showed that the P protein complexes ranged from about 11S to 22S and that almost all of the PB1 and PB2 protein molecules synthesized during a 1-h period (2.5 to 3.5 h postinfection) were in these complexes. Little or no free PB1 or PB2 protein was detected. The possible role of these nonnucleocapsid P protein complexes in the initiation and reinitiation of virus-specific RNA synthesis is discussed.