In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the link between susceptibility to autoimmune liver disease and genes of the HLA system, although the role of the DPB1 locus in British patients has only been investigated in autoimmune hepatitis. The aim of the current study was to determine the distribution of DPB1 alleles in a large series of British patients with the two other autoimmune liver diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and compare the allele frequencies obtained with those of a geographically matched control group. Polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing was used to assign 18 DPB1 alleles in 82 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 71 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and 103 controls. The frequencies of the DPB1 alleles were not significantly different comparing patients and controls. However, two important observations were made. Firstly, in primary sclerosing cholangitis, the previously reported association with the haplotype A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 does not extend to the DPB1 locus, suggesting that the genetic determinants of susceptibility for this disease lie closer to the DRB loci. Secondly, in primary biliary cirrhosis there is evidence that the reported association with DR8-DQB1*0402 includes the DPB1*0301 allele. The weak HLA association reported here is in contrast with recent data from Japan, where susceptibility is strongly linked to a particular amino acid residue encoded by the DPB1*0501 allele. These data clearly demonstrate that the alleles of the DPB1 locus are not associated with susceptibility to or protection from either primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis in British patients.