We used PCR for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping with type-specific primers from the core and NS5 genes. Type I was predominant in the general population (58% in blood donors) as well as in different risk groups, such as intravenous drug abusers (58%), blood transfusion recipients (64%), hemophiliacs (62%), and patients with HCV chronic liver disease (76%). Types II, III, and IV were less prevalent in Canada, being found in 10.92, 6.72, and 5.88% of the population, respectively. The type II core primer was not type specific and reacted with the majority of our type I HCV samples, suggesting a false-positive dual infection with two different genotypes (I and II). Digestion of these amplified type I and type II products with restriction endonuclease AccI proved to be very useful in the exclusion of false-positive dual type I and type II infections.