Evidence from a variety of clinical and biochemical sources indicates alterations in phospholipid synthesis and activity in schizophrenia. We review a recent study which suggests that a genetic variant near the promotor region of the gene for cytosolic phospholipase A2, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid (AA), is associated with schizophrenia. These findings are consistent with a extensive body of literature which suggests alterations in membrane phospholipids in schizophrenia.