O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair protein, which removes alkyl groups from the O6 atom of guanine residues. Tumour cells which lack MGMT are sensitive to cytostatic drugs such as dacarbazine (DTIC), whose active species bind to this site. To explore whether analyses of MGMT expression can be used as a predictive test for clinical sensitivity to DTIC in melanomas, we developed a method to assay MGMT mRNA levels in cells obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsies of metastases. cDNA was synthesised from mRNA prepared from biopsy material. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers complementary to MGMT cDNA and to beta-actin, which served as an internal control. Analyses of 44 biopsies from 35 patients showed a considerable variation in MGMT mRNA, with 15 samples (34%) lacking detectable mRNA. In 6 out of 8 patients in whom more than one tumour was analysed, separate metastases had different levels of MGMT mRNA. There was no correlation between MGTM activity studied by a biochemical assay and MGMT mRNA levels when these were compared in 10 surgical biopsies.