Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder of the porphyrin metabolism caused by the homozygous defect of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthase. High amounts of uroporphyrin I accumulate in all cells and tissues, reflected by an increased erythrocyte porphyrin concentration and excretion of high porphyrin amounts in urine and feces. Dermal deposits of uroporphyrin frequently induce a dramatic phototoxic oxygen-dependent skin damage with extensive ulcerations and mutilations. Splenomegaly and hemolytic anemia are typical internal symptoms. Skeletal changes such as osteolysis and calcifications are frequent. To date 130 cases of congenital erythropoietic porphyria have been published and are summarized here. Splenectomy, erythrocyte transfusions, and bone marrow transplantation have shown some beneficial effect. The best therapy is the avoidance of sunlight. In the two patients with congenital erythropoietic porphyria described here, oral administration of the oxygen quenchers ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol resulted in an improvement in the reduced hemoglobin and erythrocyte concentrations.