Biochemical evidence that small proline-rich proteins and trichohyalin function in epithelia by modulation of the biomechanical properties of their cornified cell envelopes

J Biol Chem. 1998 May 8;273(19):11758-69. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.19.11758.

Abstract

The cornified cell envelope (CE) is a specialized structure involved in barrier function in stratified squamous epithelia, and is assembled by transglutaminase cross-linking of several proteins. Murine forestomach epithelium undergoes particularly rigorous mechanical trauma, and these CEs contain the highest known content of small proline-rich proteins (SPRs). Sequencing analyses of these CEs revealed that SPRs function as cross-bridgers by joining other proteins by use of multiple adjacent glutamines and lysines on only the amino and carboxyl termini and in functionally non-polar ways. Forestomach CEs also use trichohyalin as a novel cross-bridging protein. We performed mathematical modeling of amino acid compositions of the CEs of mouse and human epidermis of different body sites. Although the sum of loricrin + SPRs was conserved, the amount of SPRs varied in relation to the presumed physical requirements of the tissues. Our data suggest that SPRs could serve as modifiers of a composite CE material composed of mostly loricrin; we propose that increasing amounts of cross-bridging SPRs modify the structure of the CE, just as cross-linking proteins strengthen other types of tissues. In this way, different epithelia may use varying amounts of the cross-bridging SPRs to alter the biomechanical properties of the tissue in accordance with specific physical requirements and functions.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Biomechanical Phenomena
  • Cell Polarity
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins
  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • Epithelium / metabolism*
  • Epithelium / ultrastructure
  • Humans
  • Intermediate Filament Proteins
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Peptides*
  • Proline-Rich Protein Domains
  • Protein Precursors / metabolism*
  • Proteins / metabolism*
  • Proteins / physiology*
  • Rabbits
  • Stomach / chemistry*

Substances

  • Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins
  • Cross-Linking Reagents
  • Intermediate Filament Proteins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Peptides
  • Protein Precursors
  • Proteins
  • SPRR3 protein, human
  • loricrin
  • trichohyalin