Thirty-three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from India were studied for the presence of BCR-ABL chimeric transcripts, by a seminested cDNA-PCR. We report the presence of BCR-ABL chimeric transcripts in 4/17 (24%) children (under 15 years) and 3/16 (19%) adults (15-50 years). This is in sharp contrast to the published literature from the West where the presence of BCR-ABL has been reported in only 2-5% children and 35% adults. Whether the presence of BCR-ABL fusion mRNA, which is generally an attribute of ALL in adults and of poorer prognosis, may contribute to chemo-incurability in young Indian patients, remains to be seen, as a larger number of patients are studied for treatment outcome and survival on uniform therapy protocols.