Malignant melanoma represents a major public health concern. Its incidence is rising throughout the world; in Europe particularly, 13-21 people/100.000 are affected annually. Although the aetiology is multifactorial, excessive UV exposure (UVB 290-320 min.) appears to be one of the most important predisposing agent. Genetic predisposition plays also a fundamental role. Chromosome 9p has been implicated in familial melanoma via the inhibition of a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 which interferes with cell cycle. The early detection and recognition of malignant melanoma is the key for possible cure. Technical aids like photography, computer based systems, epiluminescence or biopsy increase the sensitivity of formally trained clinicians.