The gene of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often altered in human astrocytomas and its amplification, rearrangement and overexpression occur almost exclusively in high grade tumours (glioblastomas). MDM2 gene is amplified in a small proportion of glioblastomas, and MDM2 immunoreactivity has also been found in this group. However, the relation between gene amplification and protein overexpression depends on several factors. Thus, the study on mutual relationship between these events needs to be clarified. In a series of 28 glioblastomas, we analysed MDM2 and EGFR gene amplification by differential PCR and protein overexpression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Thirteen cases (45%) presented immunopositivity for EGFR. A significant amplification of EGFR gene (the EGFR/SOD ratio above the control value +/- 3 SD) was observed in 9 tumours among which, one revealed no EGFR-immunopositivity. Three tumours displayed the ratio +/- 2-3 SD but these tumours also presented immunoreactivity for EGFR. Two other glioblastomas, with weak EGFR-expression, showed no gene amplification. The immunohistochemical staining for MDM2 revealed strong positivity only in one case, and this tumour also presented MDM2 gene amplification. On the contrary, another tumour which showed MDM2 gene amplification showed no MDM2 immunopositivity. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that there is no strict correlation between gene amplification at the DNA level and protein overexpression.