| Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the formula C9H11NO2. It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine. This essential amino acid is classified as neutral, and nonpolar because of the inert and hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain. The L-isomer is used to biochemically form proteins coded for by DNA. Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and the biological pigment melanin. It is encoded by the messenger RNA codons UUU and UUC.
Phenylalanine is found naturally in the milk of mammals. It is used in the manufacture of food and drink products and sold as a nutritional supplement as it is a direct precursor to the neuromodulator phenethylamine. As an essential amino acid, phenylalanine is not synthesized de novo in humans and other animals, who must ingest phenylalanine or phenylalanine-containing proteins.
The one-letter symbol F was assigned to phenylalanine for its phonetic similarity. |
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InChI=1S/C14H20O9S.C6H15P.Au/c1- 6(15)19-5-10-11(20-7(2)16)12(21-8(3)17)13(14(24)23-10)22-9(4)18;1-4-7(5-2)6-3;/h10-14,24H,5H2,1-4H3;4-6H2,1-3H3;/q;;+1/p-1/t10-,11-,12+,13-,14+;;/m1../s1 |
| AUJRCFUBUPVWSZ-XTZHGVARSA-M |
| CC[P+](CC)(CC)[Au-]S[C@@H]1O[C@H](COC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O |
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EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor
An EC 1.8.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of thioredoxin reductase (EC 1.8.1.9).
immunosuppressive agent
An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
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immunosuppressive agent
An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
antirheumatic drug
A drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosato-κS1)(triethylphosphine)gold
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auranofin
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KEGG DRUG
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auranofina
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ChemIDplus
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auranofine
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ChemIDplus
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auranofinum
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ChemIDplus
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(1-Thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato)(triethylphosphine)gold 2,3,4,6-tetraacetate
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ChemIDplus
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2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranosato-S (triethylphosphine)gold
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ChemIDplus
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Triethylphosphine gold
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ChemIDplus
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112479
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Gmelin Registry Number
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Gmelin
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11644694
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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14401468
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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294107
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Gmelin Registry Number
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Gmelin
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34031-32-8
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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34031-32-8
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CAS Registry Number
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DrugBank
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34031-32-8
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CAS Registry Number
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KEGG DRUG
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8187029
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Beilstein Registry Number
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Beilstein
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10796461
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