| statin |
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| CHEBI:87631 |
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| Any organooxygen compound whose structure is related to compactin (mevastatin) and which may be used as an anticholesteremic drug due its EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitory properties. |
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This entity has been manually annotated by the ChEBI Team.
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| Statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are a class of medications that lower cholesterol. They are prescribed typically to people who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carriers of cholesterol play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease via the mechanisms described by the lipid hypothesis. As lipid-lowering medications, statins are effective in lowering LDL cholesterol; they are widely used for primary prevention in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease, as well as in secondary prevention for those who have developed cardiovascular disease.
Side effects of statins include muscle pain, increased risk of diabetes, and abnormal blood levels of certain liver enzymes. Additionally, they have rare but severe adverse effects, particularly muscle damage, and very rarely rhabdomyolysis.
They act by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a central role in the production of cholesterol. High cholesterol levels have been associated with cardiovascular disease.
There are various forms of statins, some of which include atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin. Combination preparations of a statin and another agent, such as ezetimibe/simvastatin, are also available. The class is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines with simvastatin being the listed medicine. In 2005, sales were estimated at US$18.7 billion in the United States. The best-selling statin is atorvastatin, also known as Lipitor, which in 2003 became the best-selling pharmaceutical in history. The manufacturer World Health Organization reported sales of US$12.4 billion in 2008.
Patient compliance with statin usage is problematic despite robust evidence of the benefits. |
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EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor
Any EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD+ or NADP+ acceptor) inhibitor that inhibits HMG-CoA reductases. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors have been shown to lower directly cholesterol synthesis. The Enzyme Commission designation is EC 1.1.1.34 for the NADPH-dependent enzyme and EC 1.1.1.88 for an NADH-dependent enzyme.
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anticholesteremic drug
A substance used to lower plasma cholesterol levels.
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