| Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin and sold under the brand name Rapamune among others, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection, treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and treat perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa). It has immunosuppressant functions in humans and is especially useful in preventing the rejection of kidney transplants. It is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitor that reduces the sensitivity of T cells and B cells to interleukin-2 (IL-2), inhibiting their activity.
This compound also has a use in cardiovascular drug-eluting stent technologies to inhibit restenosis.
It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus and was isolated for the first time in 1972, from samples of Streptomyces hygroscopicus found on Easter Island. The compound was originally named rapamycin after the native name of the island, Rapa Nui. Sirolimus was initially developed as an antifungal agent. However, this use was abandoned when it was discovered to have potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative properties due to its ability to inhibit mTOR. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999. Hyftor (sirolimus gel) was authorized for topical treatment of facial angiofibroma in the European Union in May 2023. |
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InChI=1S/C51H79NO13/c1- 30-16-12-11-13-17-31(2)42(61-8)28-38-21-19-36(7)51(60,65-38)48(57)49(58)52-23-15-14-18-39(52)50(59)64-43(33(4)26-37-20-22-40(53)44(27-37)62-9)29-41(54)32(3)25-35(6)46(56)47(63-10)45(55)34(5)24-30/h11-13,16-17,25,30,32-34,36-40,42-44,46-47,53,56,60H,14-15,18-24,26-29H2,1-10H3/b13-11+,16-12+,31-17+,35-25+/t30-,32-,33-,34-,36-,37+,38+,39+,40-,42+,43+,44-,46-,47+,51-/m1/s1 |
| QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N |
| [H][C@]1(CC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C1)OC)C[C@@H](C)[C@]1([H])CC(=O)[C@H](C)\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)\C=C\C=C\C=C(C)\[C@H](C[C@]2([H])CC[C@@H](C)[C@@](O)(O2)C(=O)C(=O)N2CCCC[C@@]2([H])C(=O)O1)OC |
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Streptomyces hygroscopicus
(NCBI:txid1912)
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See:
PubMed
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immunosuppressive agent
An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
antibacterial drug
A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
anticoronaviral agent
Any antiviral agent which inhibits the activity of coronaviruses.
bacterial metabolite
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
mTOR inhibitor
A protein kinase inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis and transcription. mTOR inhibitors are used to prevent transplant rejection and in treatment of cancer.
antifungal drug
Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals.
(via antibiotic antifungal drug )
antifungal agent
An antimicrobial agent that destroys fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce.
(via antibiotic antifungal agent )
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immunosuppressive agent
An agent that suppresses immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-cells or by inhibiting the activation of helper cells. In addition, an immunosuppressive agent is a role played by a compound which is exhibited by a capability to diminish the extent and/or voracity of an immune response.
antineoplastic agent
A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
antibacterial drug
A drug used to treat or prevent bacterial infections.
geroprotector
Any compound that supports healthy aging, slows the biological aging process, or extends lifespan.
antifungal drug
Any antifungal agent used to prevent or treat fungal infections in humans or animals.
(via antibiotic antifungal drug )
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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(3S,6R,7E,9R,10R,12R,14S,15E,17E,19E,21S,23S,26R,27R,34aS)-9,27-dihydroxy-3-{(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl}-10,21-dimethoxy-6,8,12,14,20,26-hexamethyl-9,10,12,13,14,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,32,33,34,34a-hexadecahydro-3H-23,27-epoxypyrido[2,1-c][1,4]oxazacyclohentriacontine-1,5,11,28,29(4H,6H,31H)-pentone
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sirolimus
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WHO MedNet
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sirolimús
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WHO MedNet
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sirolimus
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WHO MedNet
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sirolimusum
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WHO MedNet
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(-)-Rapamycin
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ChemIDplus
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(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-{(2S)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl}-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone
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IUPAC
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Antibiotic AY 22989
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DrugBank
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rapamycin
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ChEBI
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Sirolimus
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KEGG COMPOUND
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2446
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DrugCentral
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C00018055
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KNApSAcK
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C07909
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KEGG COMPOUND
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D00753
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KEGG DRUG
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DB00877
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DrugBank
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HMDB0015015
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HMDB
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LMPK06000003
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LIPID MAPS
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RAP
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PDBeChem
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Rapamycin
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Wikipedia
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53123-88-9
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CAS Registry Number
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KEGG COMPOUND
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53123-88-9
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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5848501
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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