Hmdb loader
Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-09-22 18:34:15 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000855
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00855
Metabolite Identification
Common NameNicotinamide riboside
DescriptionNicotinamide riboside is involved in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Nicotinamide riboside was originally identified as a nutrient in milk. It is a useful compound for the elevation of NAD+ levels in humans. Nicotinamide riboside has recently been discovered to be an NAD(+) precursor that is converted into nicotinamide mononucleotide by specific nicotinamide riboside kinases, Nrk1 and Nrk2. It has been shown that exogenous nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2-dependent repression of recombination, improves gene silencing, and extends the lifespan of certain animal models without calorie restriction (PMID: 17482543 ). Supplementation in mammalian cells and mouse tissues increases NAD(+) levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high-fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities (PMID: 22682224 ). Recent data suggest that nicotinamide riboside may be the only vitamin precursor that supports neuronal NAD+ synthesis (PMID: 18429699 ). Nicotinamide riboside kinase has an essential role in the phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside and the cancer drug tiazofurin (PMID: 15137942 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC11H15N2O5
Average Molecular Weight255.2472
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight255.0980966
IUPAC Name3-carbamoyl-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium
Traditional Name3-carbamoyl-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium
CAS Registry Number1341-23-7
SMILES
NC(=O)C1=C[N+](=CC=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C11H14N2O5/c12-10(17)6-2-1-3-13(4-6)11-9(16)8(15)7(5-14)18-11/h1-4,7-9,11,14-16H,5H2,(H-,12,17)/p+1/t7-,8-,9-,11-/m1/s1
InChI KeyJLEBZPBDRKPWTD-TURQNECASA-O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glycosylamines. Glycosylamines are compounds consisting of an amine with a beta-N-glycosidic bond to a carbohydrate, thus forming a cyclic hemiaminal ether bond (alpha-amino ether).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentGlycosylamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Nicotinamide
  • Pyridine carboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Monosaccharide
  • Pyridine
  • Pyridinium
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxamide group
  • Primary carboxylic acid amide
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic cation
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedCancer patients undergoing total body irradiation details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Zeltner R, Schulze BD, Reinhold SW, Deutschmann M, Immervoll AK, Boger CA, Banas B, Eckardt KU, Oefner PJ: Detection of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by NMR spectroscopic fingerprinting of urine. Kidney Int. 2011 Jun;79(11):1244-53. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.30. Epub 2011 Mar 9. [PubMed:21389975 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 601313 (Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022281
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID388956
KEGG Compound IDC03150
BioCyc IDNICOTINAMIDE_RIBOSE
BiGG ID41300
Wikipedia LinkNicotinamide riboside
METLIN ID5818
PubChem Compound439924
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15927
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDRNAM
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceFranchetti, Palmarisa; Pasqualini, Michela; Petrelli, Riccardo; Ricciutelli, Massimo; Vita, Patrizia; Cappellacci, Loredana. Stereoselective synthesis of nicotinamide b-riboside and nucleoside analogs. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2004), 14(18), 4655-4658 Yang, T, Chan NY, Sauve AA. Syntheses of nicotinamide riboside and deriviatives.. J. Med Chem. 50:6458-61 (2007)..
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 11 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides.
Gene Name:
NT5E
Uniprot ID:
P21589
Molecular weight:
57948.125
Reactions
Nicotinamide ribotide + Water → Nicotinamide riboside + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides. Helps to regulate adenosine levels (By similarity).
Gene Name:
NT5C1B
Uniprot ID:
Q96P26
Molecular weight:
68803.055
Reactions
Nicotinamide ribotide + Water → Nicotinamide riboside + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides and has a broad substrate specificity. Helps to regulate adenosine levels in heart during ischemia and hypoxia.
Gene Name:
NT5C1A
Uniprot ID:
Q9BXI3
Molecular weight:
41020.145
Reactions
Nicotinamide ribotide + Water → Nicotinamide riboside + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in metal ion binding
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides, with a preference for dUMP and dTMP, intermediate activity towards dGMP, and low activity towards dCMP and dAMP.
Gene Name:
NT5C
Uniprot ID:
Q8TCD5
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Nicotinamide ribotide + Water → Nicotinamide riboside + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Dephosphorylates specifically the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, and so protects mitochondrial DNA replication from excess dTTP. Has only marginal activity towards dIMP and dGMP.
Gene Name:
NT5M
Uniprot ID:
Q9NPB1
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Nicotinamide ribotide + Water → Nicotinamide riboside + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in electron carrier activity
Specific function:
The enzyme apparently serves as a quinone reductase in connection with conjugation reactions of hydroquinones involved in detoxification pathways as well as in biosynthetic processes such as the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of glutamate residues in prothrombin synthesis.
Gene Name:
NQO2
Uniprot ID:
P16083
Molecular weight:
25918.4
General function:
Involved in magnesium ion binding
Specific function:
Can act both as nucleotidase and as phosphotransferase.
Gene Name:
NT5C3
Uniprot ID:
Q9H0P0
Molecular weight:
33914.91
Reactions
Nicotinamide ribotide + Water → Nicotinamide riboside + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in 5'-nucleotidase activity
Specific function:
May have a critical role in the maintenance of a constant composition of intracellular purine/pyrimidine nucleotides in cooperation with other nucleotidases. Preferentially hydrolyzes inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and other purine nucleotides.
Gene Name:
NT5C2
Uniprot ID:
P49902
Molecular weight:
64969.2
Reactions
Nicotinamide ribotide + Water → Nicotinamide riboside + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity
Specific function:
The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate.
Gene Name:
PNP
Uniprot ID:
P00491
Molecular weight:
32117.69
Reactions
Nicotinamide riboside + Phosphate → Niacinamide + Ribose 1-phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinic acid riboside (NaR) to form nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN). The enzyme also phosphorylates the antitumor drugs tiazofurin and 3-deazaguanosine.
Gene Name:
NMRK1
Uniprot ID:
Q9NWW6
Molecular weight:
20152.76
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Nicotinamide riboside → ADP + Nicotinamide ribotidedetails

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 11 proteins in total.