Entry Name Glucosinolate biosynthesis - Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Description Glucosinolates are biologically active secondary metabolites found in Brassicaceae (mustard family) and related families.These compounds are genetically variable within plant species and used as natural pesticides, such as against insect herbivores. All glucosinolates share a common structure consisting of a beta-thioglucose moiety, a sulfonated oxime moiety, and a variable aglycone side chain derived from an alpha-amino acid. Genes encoding glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by genetic polymorphisms and loss-of-function mutations. This map shows examples of side chain elongation in methionine-derived glucosinolates and the core pathway for biosynthesis of glucosinolates from amino acids.
Class Metabolism; Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolitesBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Module Other DBs Organism Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) [GN:
ath ]
Gene AT1G50090 BCAT7; D-aminoacid aminotransferase-like PLP-dependent enzymes superfamily protein [KO:K00826 ] [EC:2.6.1.42 ]
AT2G20610 SUR1; Tyrosine transaminase family protein [KO:K11819 ] [EC:4.4.1.-]
AT5G65780 ATBCAT-5; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 5 / branched-chain amino acid transaminase 5 (BCAT5) [KO:K00826 ] [EC:2.6.1.42 ]
Compound C00141 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
C00233 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate
C00671 (S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid
C01180 4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C02937 Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxime
C03219 (E)-2-Methylpropanal oxime
C03719 Phenylacetothiohydroximate
C04350 (E)-4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime
C16516 Indolylmethylthiohydroximate
C16517 Indolylmethyl-desulfoglucosinolate
C16518 S-(Indolylmethylthiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine
C17210 2-(2'-Methylthio)ethylmalic acid
C17211 2-Oxo-5-methylthiopentanoic acid
C17212 3-(2'-Methylthio)ethylmalic acid
C17214 2-(3'-Methylthio)propylmalic acid
C17215 3-(3'-Methylthio)propylmalic acid
C17216 2-Oxo-6-methylthiohexanoic acid
C17218 2-(4'-Methylthio)butylmalic acid
C17219 3-(4'-Methylthio)butylmalic acid
C17220 2-Oxo-7-methylthioheptanoic acid
C17222 2-(5'-Methylthio)pentylmalic acid
C17223 3-(5'-Methylthio)pentylmalic acid
C17224 2-Oxo-8-methylthiooctanoic acid
C17226 2-(6'-Methylthio)hexylmalic acid
C17227 3-(6'-Methylthio)hexylmalic acid
C17228 2-Oxo-9-methylthiononanoic acid
C17230 2-(7'-Methylthio)heptylmalic acid
C17231 3-(7'-Methylthio)heptylmalic acid
C17232 2-Oxo-10-methylthiodecanoic acid
C17237 S-(Phenylacetothiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine
C17238 S-(Hydroxyphenylacetothiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine
C17239 p-Hydroxyphenylacetothiohydroximate
C17240 p-Hydroxybenzyldesulphoglucosinolate
C17241 4-Methylthiobutanaldoxime
C17242 S-(4-Methylthiobutylthiohydroximoyl)-L-cysteine
C17243 4-Methylthiobutylthiohydroximate
C17244 3-Methylthiopropyl-desulfoglucosinolate
C17245 5-Methylthiopentanaldoxime
C17246 6-Methylthiohexanaldoxime
C17248 4-Methylthiobutyl-desulfoglucosinolate
C17249 7-Methylthioheptanaldoxime
C17251 8-Methylthiooctanaldoxime
C17252 7-Methylthioheptyl glucosinolate
C17253 9-Methylthiononanaldoxime
C17254 8-Methylthiooctyl glucosinolate
C17255 3-Methylbutyraldehyde oxime
C17256 2-Methylpropyl glucosinolate
C19491 (E)-2-Methylbutanal oxime
C21650 7-Methylthioheptyl-desulfoglucosinolate
C21746 8-Methylthiooctyl-desulfoglucosinolate
Reference Authors Wittstock U, Halkier BA
Title Glucosinolate research in the Arabidopsis era.
Journal Reference Authors Windsor AJ, Reichelt M, Figuth A, Svatos A, Kroymann J, Kliebenstein DJ, Gershenzon J, Mitchell-Olds T
Title Geographic and evolutionary diversification of glucosinolates among near relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae).
Journal Reference Authors Textor S, Bartram S, Kroymann J, Falk KL, Hick A, Pickett JA, Gershenzon J
Title Biosynthesis of methionine-derived glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana: recombinant expression and characterization of methylthioalkylmalate synthase, the condensing enzyme of the chain-elongation cycle.
Journal Reference Authors Piotrowski M, Schemenewitz A, Lopukhina A, Muller A, Janowitz T, Weiler EW, Oecking C
Title Desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana catalyze the final step in the biosynthesis of the glucosinolate core structure.
Journal Reference Authors Mikkelsen MD, Halkier BA
Title Metabolic engineering of valine- and isoleucine-derived glucosinolates in Arabidopsis expressing CYP79D2 from Cassava.
Journal Reference Authors Chen S, Andreasson E.
Title Update on glucosinolate metabolism and transport.
Journal Related ath00270 Cysteine and methionine metabolism
ath00290 Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
ath00400 Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
KO pathway 
