KEGG   PATHWAY: ath04626
Entry
ath04626                    Pathway                                
Name
Plant-pathogen interaction - Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Description
Plants lack animal-like adaptive immunity mechanisms, and therefore have evolved a specific system with multiple layers against invading pathogens. The primary response includes the perception of pathogens by cell-surface pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and is referred to as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Activation of FLS2 and EFR triggers MAPK signaling pathway that activates defense genes for antimictobial compounds. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is also a regulator for production of reactive oxygen species and localized programmed cell death/hypersensitive response. The secondary response is called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Pathogens can acquire the ability to suppress PTI by directly injecting effector proteins into the plant cell through secretion systems. In addition, pathogens can manipulate plant hormone signaling pathways to evade host immune responses using coronatine toxin. Some plants possess specific intracellular surveillance proteins (R proteins) to monitor the presence of pathogen virulence proteins. This ETI occurs with localized programmed cell death to arrest pathogen growth, resulting in cultivar-specific disease resistance.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
Pathway map
ath04626  Plant-pathogen interaction
ath04626

Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) [GN:ath]
Gene
AT3G10660  CPK2; calmodulin-domain protein kinase cdpk isoform 2 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G17290  CPK6; Calcium-dependent protein kinase family protein [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G04700  CPK27; calcium-dependent protein kinase 27 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G04695  CPK31; calcium-dependent protein kinase 31 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT5G19450  CDPK19; calcium-dependent protein kinase 19 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G31500  CPK24; calcium-dependent protein kinase 24 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G41860  CPK14; calcium-dependent protein kinase 14 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G09570  CPK4; calcium-dependent protein kinase 4 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G04720  CPK21; calcium-dependent protein kinase 21 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT5G12480  CPK7; calmodulin-domain protein kinase 7 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G74740  CPK30; calcium-dependent protein kinase 30 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT5G23580  CDPK9; calmodulin-like domain protein kinase 9 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G18890  CDPK1; calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G35670  CDPK2; calcium-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G04740  CPK23; calcium-dependent protein kinase 23 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G38910  CPK20; calcium-dependent protein kinase 20 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT5G04870  CPK1; calcium dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G35310  CPK5; calmodulin-domain protein kinase 5 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G04710  CPK22; calcium-dependent kinase-like protein [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G21940  CPK15; calcium-dependent protein kinase 15 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G20410  CPK9; calmodulin-domain protein kinase 9 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G51850  CPK13; calcium-dependent protein kinase 13 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G38230  CPK26; calcium-dependent protein kinase 26 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G23650  CDPK6; calcium-dependent protein kinase 6 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G50700  CPK33; calcium-dependent protein kinase 33 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G57530  CPK32; calcium-dependent protein kinase 32 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT5G12180  CPK17; calcium-dependent protein kinase 17 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT5G19360  CPK34; calcium-dependent protein kinase 34 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT5G66210  CPK28; calcium-dependent protein kinase 28 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G17890  CPK16; calcium-dependent protein kinase 16 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G76040  CPK29; calcium-dependent protein kinase 29 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G35890  CPK25; calcium-dependent protein kinase 25 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G36070  CPK18; calcium-dependent protein kinase 18 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G61950  CPK19; calcium-dependent protein kinase 19 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G50530  CRK; CDPK-related kinase [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G41140  CRK1; CDPK-related kinase 1 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G56760  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G19100  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G49580  Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) family protein [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G46700  CRK3; CDPK-related kinase 3 [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT5G24430  Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) family protein [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G49370  Calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) family protein [KO:K13412] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G64060  RBOH_F; respiratory burst oxidase protein F [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
AT5G07390  RBOHA; respiratory burst oxidase homolog A [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
AT5G47910  RBOHD; respiratory burst oxidase homologue D [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
AT5G51060  RHD2; NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase protein D [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
AT4G25090  Riboflavin synthase-like superfamily protein [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
AT4G11230  Riboflavin synthase-like superfamily protein [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
AT1G19230  Riboflavin synthase-like superfamily protein [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
AT1G09090  RBOHB; respiratory burst oxidase-like protein [KO:K13447] [EC:1.6.3.- 1.11.1.-]
AT1G01340  CNGC10; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 10 [KO:K05391]
AT1G15990  CNGC7; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 7 [KO:K05391]
AT1G19780  CNGC8; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 8 [KO:K05391]
AT2G23980  CNGC6; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 6 [KO:K05391]
AT2G24610  CNGC14; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 14 [KO:K05391]
AT2G28260  CNGC15; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 15 [KO:K05391]
AT2G46430  CNGC3; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 3 [KO:K05391]
AT2G46450  CNGC12; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 12 [KO:K05391]
AT3G17690  CNGC19; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 19 [KO:K05391]
AT3G17700  CNBT1; cyclic nucleotide-binding transporter 1 [KO:K05391]
AT3G48010  CNGC16; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 16 [KO:K05391]
AT4G01010  CNGC13; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 13 [KO:K05391]
AT4G30360  CNGC17; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 17 [KO:K05391]
AT4G30560  CNGC9; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 9 [KO:K05391]
AT5G14870  CNGC18; cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18 [KO:K05391]
AT5G15410  DND1; Cyclic nucleotide-regulated ion channel family protein [KO:K05391]
AT5G53130  CNGC1; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 1 [KO:K05391]
AT5G57940  CNGC5; cyclic nucleotide gated channel 5 [KO:K05391]
AT2G46440  CNGC11; cyclic nucleotide-gated channels [KO:K05391]
AT5G54250  CNGC4; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4 [KO:K05391]
AT5G37780  CAM1; calmodulin 1 [KO:K02183]
AT3G43810  CAM7; calmodulin 7 [KO:K02183]
AT3G56800  CAM3; calmodulin 3 [KO:K02183]
AT1G66410  CAM4; calmodulin 4 [KO:K02183]
AT2G41110  CAM2; calmodulin 2 [KO:K02183]
AT2G27030  CAM5; calmodulin 5 [KO:K02183]
AT5G21274  CAM6; calmodulin 6 [KO:K02183]
AT2G41090  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K02183]
AT5G49480  CP1; Ca2+-binding protein 1 [KO:K02183]
AT3G03400  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT1G73630  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT3G50770  CML41; calmodulin-like 41 [KO:K13448]
AT1G05990  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT4G37010  CEN2; centrin 2 [KO:K13448]
AT3G25600  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT3G03410  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT1G24620  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT4G12860  UNE14; EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT3G10300  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT2G41410  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT5G37770  TCH2; EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT1G18210  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT2G36180  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT5G04170  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT3G59440  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT4G14640  CAM8; calmodulin 8 [KO:K13448]
AT3G07490  AGD11; ARF-GAP domain 11 [KO:K13448]
AT3G03000  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT2G43290  MSS3; Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT3G50360  CEN2; centrin2 [KO:K13448]
AT1G12310  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT3G10190  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT5G17470  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT5G17480  PC1; pollen calcium-binding protein 1 [KO:K13448]
AT3G22930  CML11; calmodulin-like 11 [KO:K13448]
AT4G26470  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT1G76640  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT5G42380  CML37; calmodulin like 37 [KO:K13448]
AT2G27480  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT5G44460  CML43; calmodulin like 43 [KO:K13448]
AT1G76650  CML38; calmodulin-like 38 [KO:K13448]
AT3G01830  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT3G51920  CAM9; calmodulin 9 [KO:K13448]
AT3G47480  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT3G03430  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT1G18530  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT3G24110  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT2G41100  TCH3; Calcium-binding EF hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT1G21550  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT4G20780  CML42; calmodulin like 42 [KO:K13448]
AT1G66400  CML23; calmodulin like 23 [KO:K13448]
AT1G62820  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT4G03290  EF hand calcium-binding protein family [KO:K13448]
AT1G32250  Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT2G15680  CML30; Calcium-binding EF-hand family protein [KO:K13448]
AT3G47450  NOA1; P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases superfamily protein [KO:K13427] [EC:1.14.13.39]
AT4G01370  MPK4; MAP kinase 4 [KO:K20600] [EC:2.7.11.24]
AT5G46330  FLS2; Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein [KO:K13420] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G33430  BAK1; BRI1-associated receptor kinase [KO:K13416] [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1]
AT2G13790  SERK4; somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 4 [KO:K13417] [EC:2.7.10.1 2.7.11.1]
AT4G20360  RABE1b; RAB GTPase homolog E1B [KO:K02358]
AT4G02930  GTP binding Elongation factor Tu family protein [KO:K02358]
AT5G20480  EFR; EF-TU receptor [KO:K13428] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT4G08500  MEKK1; MAPK/ERK kinase kinase 1 [KO:K13414] [EC:2.7.11.25]
AT5G56580  MKK6; MAP kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
AT1G51660  MKK4; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 [KO:K13413] [EC:2.7.12.2]
AT3G21220  MKK5; MAP kinase kinase 5 [KO:K13413] [EC:2.7.12.2]
AT3G45640  MPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K20536] [EC:2.7.11.24]
AT2G43790  MPK6; MAP kinase 6 [KO:K14512] [EC:2.7.11.24]
AT3G59790  MPK10; MAP kinase 10 [KO:K14512] [EC:2.7.11.24]
AT2G30250  WRKY25; WRKY DNA-binding protein 25 [KO:K13423]
AT2G38470  WRKY33; WRKY DNA-binding protein 33 [KO:K13424]
AT4G01250  WRKY22; WRKY family transcription factor [KO:K13425]
AT4G23550  WRKY29; WRKY family transcription factor [KO:K13426]
AT2G19190  FRK1; FLG22-induced receptor-like kinase 1 [KO:K16224]
AT1G80460  NHO1; Actin-like ATPase superfamily protein [KO:K00864] [EC:2.7.1.30]
AT2G14610  PR1; pathogenesis-related protein 1 [KO:K13449]
AT4G33720  CAP (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-related 1 protein) superfamily protein [KO:K13449]
AT1G50060  CAP (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-related 1 protein) superfamily protein [KO:K13449]
AT2G14580  PRB1; basic pathogenesis-related protein 1 [KO:K13449]
AT3G19690  CAP (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-related 1 protein) superfamily protein [KO:K13449]
AT2G19990  PR-1-LIKE; pathogenesis-related protein-1-like protein [KO:K13449]
AT4G33730  CAP (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-related 1 protein) superfamily protein [KO:K13449]
AT4G33710  CAP (Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-related 1 protein) superfamily protein [KO:K13449]
AT1G06700  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G62220  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G59350  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G30730  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G30740  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G47060  PTI1-4; Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G17410  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G48210  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT2G43230  Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13436] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT3G25070  RIN4; RPM1 interacting protein 4 [KO:K13456]
AT3G07040  RPM1; NB-ARC domain-containing disease resistance protein [KO:K13457]
AT5G51700  PBS2; cysteine and histidine-rich domain-containing protein RAR1 [KO:K13458]
AT4G11260  SGT1B; phosphatase-like protein [KO:K12795]
AT4G23570  SGT1A; phosphatase-like protein [KO:K12795]
AT3G07770  Hsp89.1; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 89.1 [KO:K09487]
AT2G04030  CR88; Chaperone protein htpG family protein [KO:K09487]
AT4G24190  SHD; Chaperone protein htpG family protein [KO:K09487]
AT5G52640  HSP90.1; heat shock-like protein [KO:K04079]
AT5G56030  HSP81-2; heat shock protein 81-2 [KO:K04079]
AT5G56000  Hsp81.4; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 81.4 [KO:K04079]
AT5G56010  HSP81-3; heat shock protein 81-3 [KO:K04079]
AT4G26090  RPS2; NB-ARC domain-containing disease resistance protein [KO:K13459]
AT5G13160  PBS1; Protein kinase superfamily protein [KO:K13430] [EC:2.7.11.1]
AT1G12220  RPS5; Disease resistance protein (CC-NBS-LRR class) family [KO:K13460]
AT5G45250  RPS4; Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class) family [KO:K16226]
AT3G48080  alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein [KO:K18875]
AT3G48090  EDS1; alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein [KO:K18875]
AT4G39090  RD19; Papain family cysteine protease [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
AT2G21430  Papain family cysteine protease [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
AT4G16190  Papain family cysteine protease [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
AT3G54940  Papain family cysteine protease [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
AT5G45260  RRS1; Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class) [KO:K16225]
AT3G28910  MYB30; myb domain protein 30 [KO:K23865]
AT2G46720  KCS13; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 13 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT1G01120  KCS1; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 1 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT2G26640  KCS11; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT3G10280  KCS14; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 14 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT4G34510  KCS17; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 17 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT1G04220  KCS2; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 2 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT1G19440  KCS4; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT1G25450  KCS5; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 5 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT1G68530  KCS6; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT1G71160  KCS7; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 7 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT2G15090  KCS8; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 8 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT2G16280  KCS9; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 9 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT2G26250  KCS10; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 10 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT4G34250  KCS16; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 16 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT4G34520  KCS18; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 18 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT5G43760  KCS20; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 20 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT3G52160  KCS15; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 15 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT2G28630  KCS12; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 12 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT5G04530  KCS19; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT1G07720  KCS3; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 3 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT5G49070  KCS21; 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 21 [KO:K15397] [EC:2.3.1.199]
AT4G14440  HCD1; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 1 [KO:K18880] [EC:5.3.3.8]
AT2G04880  ZAP1; zinc-dependent activator protein-1 [KO:K18834]
AT5G56270  WRKY2; WRKY DNA-binding protein 2 [KO:K18835]
AT3G21630  CERK1; chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 [KO:K13429]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
Reference
PMID:18206360
  Authors
Zipfel C
  Title
Pattern-recognition receptors in plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Curr Opin Immunol 20:10-6 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2007.11.003
Reference
PMID:19748302
  Authors
Chinchilla D, Shan L, He P, de Vries S, Kemmerling B
  Title
One for all: the receptor-associated kinase BAK1.
  Journal
Trends Plant Sci 14:535-41 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.08.002
Reference
PMID:19423812
  Authors
Boller T, He SY
  Title
Innate immunity in plants: an arms race between pattern recognition receptors in plants and effectors in microbial pathogens.
  Journal
Science 324:742-4 (2009)
DOI:10.1126/science.1171647
Reference
PMID:19794842
  Authors
Ma W, Smigel A, Verma R, Berkowitz GA
  Title
Cyclic nucleotide gated channels and related signaling components in plant innate immunity.
  Journal
Plant Signal Behav 4:277-82 (2009)
DOI:10.4161/psb.4.4.8103
Reference
PMID:11875555
  Authors
Asai T, Tena G, Plotnikova J, Willmann MR, Chiu WL, Gomez-Gomez L, Boller T, Ausubel FM, Sheen J
  Title
MAP kinase signalling cascade in Arabidopsis innate immunity.
  Journal
Nature 415:977-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415977a
Reference
PMID:15922649
  Authors
Zipfel C, Felix G
  Title
Plants and animals: a different taste for microbes?
  Journal
Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:353-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2005.05.004
Reference
PMID:17451411
  Authors
He P, Shan L, Sheen J
  Title
Elicitation and suppression of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity in plant-microbe interactions.
  Journal
Cell Microbiol 9:1385-96 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00944.x
Reference
PMID:17876517
  Authors
de Wit PJ
  Title
How plants recognize pathogens and defend themselves.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 64:2726-32 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-007-7284-7
Reference
PMID:16497589
  Authors
Chisholm ST, Coaker G, Day B, Staskawicz BJ
  Title
Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response.
  Journal
Cell 124:803-14 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.008
Reference
PMID:16677430
  Authors
McHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW
  Title
Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards.
  Journal
Genome Biol 7:212 (2006)
DOI:10.1186/gb-2006-7-4-212
Reference
PMID:11459065
  Authors
Dangl JL, Jones JD
  Title
Plant pathogens and integrated defence responses to infection.
  Journal
Nature 411:826-33 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35081161
Reference
PMID:17108957
  Authors
Jones JD, Dangl JL
  Title
The plant immune system.
  Journal
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Microbes Infect 8:1372-81 (2006)
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Annu Rev Plant Biol 56:509-31 (2005)
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Cell Microbiol 9:2571-85 (2007)
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Curr Biol 14:R22-4 (2004)
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Trends Biochem Sci 23:454-6 (1998)
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pathway
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