Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:
bta ]
Gene
537654 PIP5K1B; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta isoform X5 [KO:K00889 ] [EC:2.7.1.68 ]
785503 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AP-2 complex subunit mu-like [KO:K11826 ]
613428 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
536671 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
516010 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500 ]
515125 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605 ]
510489 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 [KO:K12470 ]
614576 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 [KO:K12562 ]
535998 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 [KO:K12472 ]
506374 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 [KO:K12472 ]
281276 LDLR; low-density lipoprotein receptor precursor [KO:K12473 ]
511199 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 [KO:K12474 ]
281577 WASL; actin nucleation-promoting factor WASL [KO:K23612 ]
616404 ACTR3B; actin-related protein 3B isoform X1 [KO:K18584 ]
326600 ARPC1B; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B [KO:K05757 ]
508402 ARPC1A; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A [KO:K05757 ]
540838 ARPC2; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 [KO:K05758 ]
506596 ARPC3; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 [KO:K05756 ]
539459 ARPC4; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 [KO:K05755 ]
614345 ARPC5; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 [KO:K05754 ]
613421 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
540304 WIPF1; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 [KO:K19475 ]
616849 WIPF2; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2 [KO:K19475 ]
786606 WIPF3; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 3 isoform X2 [KO:K19475 ]
317659 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin [KO:K09526 ]
783379 WASHC4; WASH complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18465 ]
508040 WASHC5; WASH complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K18464 ]
493728 CAPZA2; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-2 [KO:K10364 ]
534656 CAPZA1; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 [KO:K10364 ]
539160 CAPZA3; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-3 [KO:K10364 ]
338052 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta [KO:K10365 ]
513840 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 [KO:K18467 ]
510574 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
614321 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
521864 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
511582 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate [KO:K12182 ]
538505 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K04705 ]
512734 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K04705 ]
507659 TSG101; tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein [KO:K12183 ]
786363 tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein-like [KO:K12183 ]
617416 MVB12B; multivesicular body subunit 12B isoform X1 [KO:K12186 ]
618785 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog [KO:K12184 ]
539811 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
513985 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185 ]
535566 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
613817 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
511223 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
534750 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
510596 CHMP6; charged multivesicular body protein 6 [KO:K12195 ]
616164 CHMP4B; charged multivesicular body protein 4b [KO:K12194 ]
613647 CHMP4A; charged multivesicular body protein 4a [KO:K12194 ]
507572 CHMP4C; charged multivesicular body protein 4c [KO:K24782 ]
507722 CHMP3; charged multivesicular body protein 3 [KO:K12193 ]
523847 CHMP2A; charged multivesicular body protein 2a [KO:K12191 ]
615954 CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b [KO:K12192 ]
541288 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 [KO:K15053 ]
618168 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A [KO:K12196 ]
539357 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
506430 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
789414 CHMP1A; charged multivesicular body protein 1a [KO:K12197 ]
512033 CHMP1B; charged multivesicular body protein 1b [KO:K12197 ]
539781 CHMP5; charged multivesicular body protein 5 [KO:K12198 ]
533406 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X2 [KO:K12200 ]
281849 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor precursor [KO:K06564 ]
281861 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha precursor [KO:K05068 ]
510185 interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K05069 ]
281862 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma precursor [KO:K05070 ]
512672 major histocompatibility complex, class I precursor [KO:K06751 ]
515712 BOLA; MHC class I heavy chain isoform 1 precursor [KO:K06751 ]
767904 MGC126945; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC767904 [KO:K06751 ]
507917 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-6 isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
510417 BOLA-NC1; non-classical MHC class I antigen precursor [KO:K06751 ]
533050 BoLA; major histocompatibility complex, class I, A precursor [KO:K06751 ]
616942 major histocompatibility complex, class I, A-like precursor [KO:K06751 ]
516259 EEA1; early endosome antigen 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12478 ]
504785 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 [KO:K12480 ]
528153 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
539779 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12482 ]
541230 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 [KO:K12479 ]
540709 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 [KO:K12484 ]
518839 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12484 ]
535992 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 [KO:K12484 ]
511647 RAB11FIP3; rab11 family-interacting protein 3 [KO:K12485 ]
100848380 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K12485 ]
527964 PARD3; partitioning defective 3 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04237 ]
539292 PARD6G; partitioning defective 6 homolog gamma [KO:K06093 ]
539687 PARD6B; partitioning defective 6 homolog beta [KO:K06093 ]
524653 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha [KO:K06093 ]
532712 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog [KO:K04393 ]
516032 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
514465 SMAP2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 [KO:K12486 ]
515088 GIT1; ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT1 isoform X2 [KO:K05737 ]
523797 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
618009 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
327705 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12488 ]
515444 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
508582 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12489 ]
506187 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12489 ]
511889 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
512010 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18440 ]
112447442 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
522241 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
616302 AGAP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12491 ]
504833 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K17848 ]
506471 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 [KO:K12492 ]
532778 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12493 ]
505438 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 [KO:K12493 ]
531459 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
523045 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12494 ]
523124 PSD; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12494 ]
532237 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X3 [KO:K12494 ]
517311 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K12495 ]
521541 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12495 ]
786925 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
281022 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
539295 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 [KO:K18442 ]
533207 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K18443 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
bta04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
bta04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
bta04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway
LinkDB
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