KEGG   PATHWAY: bta04371
Entry
bta04371                    Pathway                                
Name
Apelin signaling pathway - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in various tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular functions, cell proliferation and energy metabolism regulation. On the other hand, this ligand receptor couple is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
bta04371  Apelin signaling pathway
bta04371

Other DBs
GO: 0060183
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:bta]
Gene
100125276  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
100137872  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100139219  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100139857  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
100271851  MEF2B; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B [KO:K09261]
100297344  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
100298939  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform 1 [KO:K02833]
100336730  MEF2D; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D [KO:K09262]
100337083  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV isoform X2 [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100847184  [KO:K02833]
100847722  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
101905399  [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101905445  APELA; apelin receptor early endogenous ligand precursor [KO:K25355]
104968964  [KO:K04542]
104973792  [KO:K02183]
280991  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
281103  CCN2; CCN family member 2 precursor [KO:K06827]
281201  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
281202  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
281203  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
281204  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
281375  SERPINE1; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 precursor [KO:K03982]
281407  PLAT; tissue-type plasminogen activator precursor [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
281499  SPP1; osteopontin precursor [KO:K06250]
281561  UCP1; mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 [KO:K08769]
281601  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
281603  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
281607  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
281790  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
281791  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
281796  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
281797  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
281878  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
281879  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
281985  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
282143  APLN; apelin precursor [KO:K05225]
282322  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282323  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282324  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
282382  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 precursor [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
282637  CDH1; cadherin-1 precursor [KO:K05689]
282876  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
286850  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
286879  LIPE; hormone-sensitive lipase [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
287018  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
287024  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
287026  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
317654  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
317697  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
326597  CALM; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
327672  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
337925  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 precursor [KO:K05849]
338037  MYLK; myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle isoform 1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
338446  PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [KO:K07202]
404181  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
407125  EGR1; early growth response protein 1 [KO:K09203]
407231  MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A [KO:K09260]
408001  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
504201  MYL4; myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
504219  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
504242  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
505519  MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
505611  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
505740  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
506083  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
506322  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
507041  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
507414  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
507432  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
508888  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
509232  NRF1; nuclear respiratory factor 1 [KO:K11831]
509936  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
510059  TFAM; transcription factor A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K11830]
510434  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
510708  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
511812  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
511961  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform 1 [KO:K07200]
512254  MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C [KO:K04454]
512665  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
513340  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
514547  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
515125  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
515610  ACTA2; actin, aortic smooth muscle [KO:K12313]
515621  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
515669  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
516010  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 [KO:K04500]
517006  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
517559  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
518025  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
519269  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
520277  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
520404  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
520598  PLIN1; perilipin-1 [KO:K08768]
520939  KLF2; Krueppel-like factor 2 [KO:K17845]
521196  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
521844  ADCY10; adenylate cyclase type 10 isoform X1 [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
524530  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
525482  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
525962  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
526379  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
527278  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
529425  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
530001  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
531391  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
531747  [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
533103  SPHK2; sphingosine kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
533199  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
533323  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
533378  MYLK2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
534107  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
534815  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
534923  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
535017  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
535365  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
535603  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
535881  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
536132  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
536654  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
537376  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
538954  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
539277  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
539521  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
539899  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
540248  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
540307  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 precursor [KO:K05849]
540404  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
540803  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
541140  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
613930  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
614838  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X3 [KO:K21290]
615435  APLNR; apelin receptor [KO:K04174]
616503  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
617095  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
617412  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
618352  MYL3; myosin light chain 3 [KO:K12749]
618399  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
618470  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
618605  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
783681  JAG1; protein jagged-1 precursor [KO:K06052]
784521  [KO:K02991]
787914  RPS6; small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 [KO:K02991]
788151  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
789485  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:26143239
  Authors
Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP
  Title
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:560-7 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.002
Reference
PMID:22140623
  Authors
Andersen CU, Hilberg O, Mellemkjaer S, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Simonsen U
  Title
Apelin and pulmonary hypertension.
  Journal
Pulm Circ 1:334-46 (2011)
DOI:10.4103/2045-8932.87299
Reference
PMID:25275559
  Authors
Chapman NA, Dupre DJ, Rainey JK
  Title
The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.
  Journal
Biochem Cell Biol 92:431-40 (2014)
DOI:10.1139/bcb-2014-0072
Reference
PMID:18272138
  Authors
Japp AG, Newby DE
  Title
The apelin-APJ system in heart failure: pathophysiologic relevance and therapeutic potential.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:1882-92 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.015
Reference
PMID:25652330
  Authors
Folino A, Montarolo PG, Samaja M, Rastaldo R
  Title
Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 20:505-18 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x
Reference
PMID:23943882
  Authors
O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Harris LE, Pope GR
  Title
The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 219:R13-35 (2013)
DOI:10.1530/JOE-13-0227
Reference
PMID:23973488
  Authors
Liu QF, Yu HW, You L, Liu MX, Li KY, Tao GZ
  Title
Apelin-13-induced proliferation and migration induced of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the upregulation of Egr-1.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 439:235-40 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.051
Reference
PMID:26254105
  Authors
Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M
  Title
Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
  Journal
Vascul Pharmacol 76:1-10 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005
Reference
PMID:21725702
  Authors
Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, Attane C, Duparc T, Knauf C, Valet P
  Title
Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.
  Journal
Endocrine 40:1-9 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9
Reference
PMID:23924696
  Authors
Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J
  Title
Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 45:875-81 (2013)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmt085
Reference
PMID:24990699
  Authors
Wu D, He L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension.
  Journal
Mol Biol Rep 41:6691-703 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4
Reference
PMID:20539939
  Authors
Liu C, Su T, Li F, Li L, Qin X, Pan W, Feng F, Chen F, Liao D, Chen L
  Title
PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway is involved in rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by apelin-13.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 42:396-402 (2010)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmq035
Reference
PMID:26607438
  Authors
Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47:969-80 (2015)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmv111
Reference
PMID:27979574
  Authors
Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 230:164-170 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215
Reference
PMID:16182514
  Authors
Carmen GY, Victor SM
  Title
Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis.
  Journal
Cell Signal 18:401-8 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.08.009
Reference
PMID:27650065
  Authors
Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.
  Journal
Mol Genet Metab 119:20-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012
Reference
PMID:25914650
  Authors
Bertrand C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I
  Title
Apelin and energy metabolism.
  Journal
Front Physiol 6:115 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00115
Reference
PMID:26385179
  Authors
Yao F, Lv YC, Zhang M, Xie W, Tan YL, Gong D, Cheng HP, Liu D, Li L, Liu XY, Zheng XL, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466:637-43 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.045
Reference
PMID:22842084
  Authors
Than A, Cheng Y, Foh LC, Leow MK, Lim SC, Chuah YJ, Kang Y, Chen P
  Title
Apelin inhibits adipogenesis and lipolysis through distinct molecular pathways.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 362:227-41 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.002
Reference
PMID:24055369
  Authors
Yu XH, Tang ZB, Liu LJ, Qian H, Tang SL, Zhang DW, Tian GP, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 428:1-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.001
Reference
PMID:25931124
  Authors
Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MK, Chen P
  Title
Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 290:14679-91 (2015)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M115.643817
Reference
PMID:25139773
  Authors
Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X
  Title
Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
  Journal
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 31:433-52 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.2600
Reference
PMID:21464822
  Authors
Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O
  Title
Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPARgamma-coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.
  Journal
Lab Invest 91:1018-28 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2011.55
Reference
PMID:22995518
  Authors
McLean DL, Kim J, Kang Y, Shi H, Atkins GB, Jain MK, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:2640-3 (2012)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300317
Reference
PMID:22028387
  Authors
Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O
  Title
Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1.
  Journal
Eur Heart J 33:2360-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr389
Reference
PMID:26944568
  Authors
Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L
  Title
The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 456:81-8 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025
Reference
PMID:19093215
  Authors
Liu G, Han J, Profirovic J, Strekalova E, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA
  Title
Galpha13 regulates MEF2-dependent gene transcription in endothelial cells: role in angiogenesis.
  Journal
Angiogenesis 12:1-15 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10456-008-9123-3
Reference
PMID:23603510
  Authors
Kang Y, Kim J, Anderson JP, Wu J, Gleim SR, Kundu RK, McLean DL, Kim JD, Park H, Jin SW, Hwa J, Quertermous T, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin-APJ signaling is a critical regulator of endothelial MEF2 activation in cardiovascular development.
  Journal
Circ Res 113:22-31 (2013)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301324
Reference
PMID:25164121
  Authors
Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zhang DL, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Ding JX, Liu WH
  Title
The regulatory peptide apelin: a novel inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  Journal
Amino Acids 46:2693-704 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1826-8
Reference
PMID:26756969
  Authors
Zhou Y, Deng L, Zhao D, Chen L, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lv L, Leng B, Xu W, Qiao G, Shan H
  Title
MicroRNA-503 promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Apelin-13.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 20:495-505 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12754
Reference
PMID:27825851
  Authors
Zhong JC, Zhang ZZ, Wang W, McKinnie SM, Vederas JC, Oudit GY
  Title
Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:1942-1950 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007
Related
pathway
bta04010  MAPK signaling pathway
bta04020  Calcium signaling pathway
bta04140  Autophagy - animal
bta04150  mTOR signaling pathway
bta04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
bta04152  AMPK signaling pathway
bta04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
bta04530  Tight junction
bta04923  Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes
KO pathway
ko04371   

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