Entry
Name
Thermogenesis - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
Thermogenesis is essential for warm-blooded animals, ensuring normal cellular and physiological function under conditions of environmental challenge. Thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue is mainly controlled by norepinephrine, which is released from sympathetic nervous system in response to cold or dietary stimuli. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for the process whereby chemical energy is converted into heat in these adipocytes. Activation of these adipocytes leads to an increase in calorie consumption and is expected to improve overweight conditions, providing a potential strategy for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:
bta ]
Gene
100295228 NDUFAF8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 8 [KO:K24726 ]
100296470 COA4; coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 8 [KO:K18177 ]
100300550 COX7B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02271 ]
281090 COX4I1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02263 ]
281091 COX8A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02273 ]
281480 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
281481 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00237 ]
281561 UCP1; mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 [KO:K08769 ]
281570 UQCR11; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420 ]
281640 ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02137 ]
281713 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 [KO:K05870 ]
281715 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
281742 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352 ]
281793 GNAS; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor [KO:K04632 ]
281993 PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [KO:K08530 ]
282199 COX6A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02266 ]
282200 COX6A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02266 ]
282289 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03967 ]
282290 NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03943 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
282324 PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200 ]
282393 UQCRC1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00414 ]
282394 UQCRC2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415 ]
282517 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03964 ]
282578 ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02132 ]
282690 ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02131 ]
282701 ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02127 ]
282710 ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138 ]
286840 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
287012 COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02265 ]
287014 NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03942 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
287020 UQCRFS1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00411 ] [EC:7.1.1.8 ]
287027 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
287327 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
288380 NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03934 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
326346 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
327660 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965 ]
327665 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962 ]
327668 ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02136 ]
327670 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
327673 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
327680 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03937 ]
327688 COX7A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02270 ]
327690 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
327691 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03939 ]
327696 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00236 ]
327697 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
327698 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
327701 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
327702 NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03955 ]
327704 NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948 ]
327706 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
327710 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
327713 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03958 ]
327714 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949 ]
327717 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03944 ]
327718 COX7C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272 ]
337887 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02128 ]
338040 ATP5ME; ATP synthase subunit e, mitochondrial [KO:K02129 ]
338046 NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968 ]
338053 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02128 ]
338057 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
338060 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03954 ]
338061 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03961 ]
338063 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
338064 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947 ]
338065 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
338073 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
338079 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
338081 ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02134 ]
338084 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
338086 COX7A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02270 ]
338446 PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [KO:K07202 ]
404161 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K11351 ]
404188 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K03953 ]
414274 SMARCA4; transcription activator BRG1 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
444878 COX5A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02264 ]
504219 PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
504290 NDUFAF7; protein arginine methyltransferase NDUFAF7, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K18164 ]
505229 ARID1B; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B isoform X1 [KO:K11653 ]
505736 COA1; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1 [KO:K18173 ]
506492 ATP5MF; ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial [KO:K02130 ]
507056 RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204 ]
507686 SLC25A29; mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter [KO:K15109 ]
509827 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450 ]
510509 COX11; cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11, mitochondrial [KO:K02258 ]
511961 PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform 1 [KO:K07200 ]
511968 NDUFAF3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 3 [KO:K09008 ]
512500 CYC1; cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413 ]
512665 PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199 ]
513010 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
513105 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
513710 CPT1C; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, brain isoform isoform X1 [KO:K19524 ] [EC:2.3.1.21 ]
515696 ATP5MG; ATP synthase subunit g, mitochondrial [KO:K02140 ]
516925 COX18; mitochondrial inner membrane protein COX18 [KO:K17797 ]
518758 SLC25A20; mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein [KO:K15109 ]
519449 ZNF516; zinc finger protein 516 isoform X1 [KO:K22411 ]
520518 COA7; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 [KO:K18180 ]
522045 SMARCC1; SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC1 isoform X1 [KO:K11649 ]
522230 NDUFAF5; arginine-hydroxylase NDUFAF5, mitochondrial [KO:K18162 ] [EC:2.1.1.-]
523017 NDUFAF6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 6 precursor [KO:K18163 ]
529566 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X5 [KO:K09048 ]
533232 SMARCD1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 [KO:K11650 ]
534107 PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199 ]
534129 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047 ]
535236 MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266 ]
535298 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364 ]
537412 SMARCB1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 [KO:K11648 ]
537682 SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099 ]
538624 FRS2; fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 [KO:K12461 ]
539832 COA3; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18175 ]
540176 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02128 ]
540181 ARID1A; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A [KO:K11653 ]
540225 COX7A2L; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02270 ]
540904 SMARCA2; probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
540910 SMARCE1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 [KO:K11651 ]
541232 NDUFAF1; complex I intermediate-associated protein 30, mitochondrial [KO:K18159 ]
613541 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
613899 UQCRH; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416 ]
614794 COA5; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 5 [KO:K18178 ]
615440 NDUFAF4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 4 [KO:K18161 ]
615757 COX8B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02273 ]
615979 COX16; cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX16 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18182 ]
616109 UQCR10; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419 ]
617230 ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135 ]
618339 COX4I2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
767916 COX7B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271 ]
767961 NDUFAF2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 2 [KO:K18160 ]
768048 COX14; cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX14 [KO:K18181 ]
768072 COA6; cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 6 homolog [KO:K18179 ]
777769 SMARCD3; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 [KO:K11650 ]
785086 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
787359 DPF3; zinc finger protein DPF3 isoform X3 [KO:K22198 ]
787914 RPS6; small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 [KO:K02991 ]
788948 BMP8A; bone morphogenetic protein 8A precursor [KO:K16622 ]
789613 SMARCD2; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 [KO:K11650 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S
Title
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harms M, Seale P
Title
Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boon MR, Kooijman S, van Dam AD, Pelgrom LR, Berbee JF, Visseren CA, van Aggele RC, van den Hoek AM, Sips HC, Lombes M, Havekes LM, Tamsma JT, Guigas B, Meijer OC, Jukema JW, Rensen PC
Title
Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade activates brown adipose tissue and diminishes dyslipidemia and obesity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS
Title
Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
van Dam AD, Kooijman S, Schilperoort M, Rensen PC, Boon MR
Title
Regulation of brown fat by AMP-activated protein kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kooijman S, van den Heuvel JK, Rensen PC
Title
Neuronal Control of Brown Fat Activity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Contreras C, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Rahmouni K, Lopez M
Title
Traveling from the hypothalamus to the adipose tissue: The thermogenic pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fruhbeck G, Mendez-Gimenez L, Fernandez-Formoso JA, Fernandez S, Rodriguez A
Title
Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tansey JT, Sztalryd C, Hlavin EM, Kimmel AR, Londos C
Title
The central role of perilipin a in lipid metabolism and adipocyte lipolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Collins S, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Wang H
Title
Positive and negative control of Ucp1 gene transcription and the role of beta-adrenergic signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Robidoux J, Cao W, Quan H, Daniel KW, Moukdar F, Bai X, Floering LM, Collins S
Title
Selective activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 3 and p38alpha MAP kinase is essential for cyclic AMP-dependent UCP1 expression in adipocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hattori K, Naguro I, Okabe K, Funatsu T, Furutani S, Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
ASK1 signalling regulates brown and beige adipocyte function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abe Y, Rozqie R, Matsumura Y, Kawamura T, Nakaki R, Tsurutani Y, Tanimura-Inagaki K, Shiono A, Magoori K, Nakamura K, Ogi S, Kajimura S, Kimura H, Tanaka T, Fukami K, Osborne TF, Kodama T, Aburatani H, Inagaki T, Sakai J
Title
JMJD1A is a signal-sensing scaffold that regulates acute chromatin dynamics via SWI/SNF association for thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dempersmier J, Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Paul SM, Hudak CS, Raposo HF, Kwan HY, Kang C, Wong RH, Sul HS
Title
Cold-inducible Zfp516 activates UCP1 transcription to promote browning of white fat and development of brown fat.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Dempersmier J, Tharp KM, Stahl A, Paul SM, Sul HS
Title
LSD1 Interacts with Zfp516 to Promote UCP1 Transcription and Brown Fat Program.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Villarroya F, Peyrou M, Giralt M
Title
Transcriptional regulation of the uncoupling protein-1 gene.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cao W, Daniel KW, Robidoux J, Puigserver P, Medvedev AV, Bai X, Floering LM, Spiegelman BM, Collins S
Title
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is the central regulator of cyclic AMP-dependent transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein 1 gene.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hondares E, Iglesias R, Giralt A, Gonzalez FJ, Giralt M, Mampel T, Villarroya F
Title
Thermogenic activation induces FGF21 expression and release in brown adipose tissue.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yao L, Cui X, Chen Q, Yang X, Fang F, Zhang J, Liu G, Jin W, Chang Y
Title
Cold-Inducible SIRT6 Regulates Thermogenesis of Brown and Beige Fat.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klingenberg M
Title
UCP1 - A sophisticated energy valve.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bertholet AM, Kirichok Y
Title
UCP1: A transporter for H(+) and fatty acid anions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Betz MJ, Enerback S
Title
Targeting thermogenesis in brown fat and muscle to treat obesity and metabolic disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Kahn CR
Title
Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fenzl A, Kiefer FW
Title
Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Minard AY, Tan SX, Yang P, Fazakerley DJ, Domanova W, Parker BL, Humphrey SJ, Jothi R, Stockli J, James DE
Title
mTORC1 Is a Major Regulatory Node in the FGF21 Signaling Network in Adipocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fisher FM, Kleiner S, Douris N, Fox EC, Mepani RJ, Verdeguer F, Wu J, Kharitonenkov A, Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E, Spiegelman BM
Title
FGF21 regulates PGC-1alpha and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zois NE, Bartels ED, Hunter I, Kousholt BS, Olsen LH, Goetze JP
Title
Natriuretic peptides in cardiometabolic regulation and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Indiveri C, Iacobazzi V, Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Infantino V, Convertini P, Console L, Palmieri F
Title
The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: function, structure and physiopathology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McCoin CS, Knotts TA, Adams SH
Title
Acylcarnitines--old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ohtomo T, Ino K, Miyashita R, Chigira M, Nakamura M, Someya K, Inaba N, Fujita M, Takagi M, Yamada J
Title
Chronic high-fat feeding impairs adaptive induction of mitochondrial fatty acid combustion-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue of mice.
Journal
Related pathway
bta04923 Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes
KO pathway