KEGG   PATHWAY: bta04730
Entry
bta04730                    Pathway                                
Name
Long-term depression - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), thought to be a molecular and cellular basis for cerebellar learning, is a process involving a decrease in the synaptic strength between parallel fiber (PF) and Purkinje cells (PCs) induced by the conjunctive activation of PFs and climbing fiber (CF). Multiple signal transduction pathways have been shown to be involved in this process. Activation of PFs terminating on spines in dendritic branchlets leads to glutamate release and activation of both AMPA and mGluRs. Activation of CFs, which make multiple synaptic contacts on proximal dendrites, also via AMPA receptors, opens voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and causes a generalized influx of calcium. These cellular signals, generated from two different synaptic origins, trigger a cascade of events culminating in a phosphorylation-dependent, long-term reduction in AMPA receptor sensitivity at the PF-PC synapse. This may take place either through receptor internalization and/or through receptor desensitization.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
bta04730  Long-term depression
bta04730

Other DBs
GO: 0048169
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:bta]
Gene
536132  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
613600  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
281216  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
282433  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
112449027  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
282004  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
533330  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
616856  PPP1R17; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 17 [KO:K08067]
616695  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456]
535321  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456]
100138150  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X4 [KO:K03456]
132344360  serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform-like [KO:K03456]
282320  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
524361  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100298939  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform 1 [KO:K02833]
100847184  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
541140  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
506322  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
540421  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
536051  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X9 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
521196  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
533199  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101905399  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-like [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
510434  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
327672  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
531391  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
536367  GRID2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-2 [KO:K05207]
540485  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 [KO:K04603]
281790  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
281791  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
539521  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
281792  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534]
112442078  GNAZ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha [KO:K04535]
281793  GNAS; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor [KO:K04632]
515159  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
505611  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
526364  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
505485  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
522866  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
531209  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
525072  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
282001  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282325  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282002  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
536654  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
281788  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
287026  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
281985  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
515669  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
508888  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
529618  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05197]
614283  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05198]
534626  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 precursor [KO:K05199]
534996  LYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn [KO:K05854] [EC:2.7.10.2]
282648  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
317697  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
281878  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
281879  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
100139857  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
280755  CRH; corticoliberin precursor [KO:K05256]
281716  CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 precursor [KO:K04578]
281239  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I preproprotein [KO:K05459]
281848  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00219  Arachidonate
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00641  1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerol
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:12415297
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
The molecular organization of cerebellar long-term depression.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:896-902 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn962
Reference
PMID:11427694
  Authors
Ito M.
  Title
Cerebellar long-term depression: characterization, signal transduction, and functional roles.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 81:1143-95 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1143
Reference
  Authors
Purves D, Augustine GJ (ed).
  Title
Neuroscience
  Journal
Sunderland, Mass.:Sinauer Associates (2004)
Reference
PMID:9735948
  Authors
Daniel H, Levenes C, Crepel F.
  Title
Cellular mechanisms of cerebellar LTD.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 21:401-7 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01304-6
Reference
PMID:9602501
  Authors
Levenes C, Daniel H, Crepel F.
  Title
Long-term depression of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum: cellular and molecular mechanisms revisited.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 55:79-91 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00096-8
Reference
PMID:14509570
  Authors
Metzger F, Kapfhammer JP.
  Title
Protein kinase C: its role in activity-dependent Purkinje cell dendritic development and plasticity.
  Journal
Cerebellum 2:206-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/14734220310016150
Related
pathway
bta04020  Calcium signaling pathway
bta04724  Glutamatergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04730   
LinkDB

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