KEGG   PATHWAY: bta04970
Entry
bta04970                    Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
bta04970  Salivary secretion
bta04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:bta]
Gene
100297344  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
100302500  HSTN; histatherin precursor [KO:K13913]
100847395  MUC5AC; mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
101905278  MUC7; mucin-7 [KO:K13909]
104973792  [KO:K02183]
112443481  [KO:K13916]
112446693  [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
112449027  [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
132342071  [KO:K13916]
280844  LPO; lactoperoxidase precursor [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
280849  LYZ2; lysozyme C-2 precursor [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
281037  CATHL3; cathelicidin-3 precursor [KO:K13916]
281102  CST3; cystatin-C precursor [KO:K13899]
281216  GUCY1A1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
281287  LYZ1; lysozyme C, milk isozyme precursor [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
281289  LYZ3; lysozyme C-3 precursor [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
281601  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
281603  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
281604  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
281605  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
281606  ADRB3; beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
281685  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
281773  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma [KO:K01538]
281793  GNAS; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor [KO:K04632]
281878  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
281879  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
281985  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
282001  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282002  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282004  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
282116  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
282134  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04135]
282144  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
282146  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
282164  CATHL1; cathelicidin-1 precursor [KO:K13916]
282165  CATHL2; cathelicidin-2 precursor [KO:K13916]
282166  CATHL4; cathelicidin-4 precursor [KO:K13916]
282167  CATHL5; cathelicidin-5 precursor [KO:K13916]
282322  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282323  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282325  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282433  GUCY1B1; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
282562  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
282573  KCNMA1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04936]
282598  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
282641  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
286765  STATH; statherin precursor [KO:K13914]
286845  SLC12A2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 [KO:K10951]
287026  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
317650  CAMP; cathelicidin-7 precursor [KO:K13916]
317651  CATHL6; cathelicidin-6 precursor [KO:K13916]
317654  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
317697  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
326597  CALM; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
327677  CD38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1 [KO:K01242] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
404084  SLC4A2; anion exchange protein 2 [KO:K13855]
404104  DMBT1; deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein [KO:K13912]
407140  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
493637  LYSB; lysozyme C, intestinal isozyme precursor [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
504353  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
505049  AMY2B; alpha-amylase 2B precursor [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
505740  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
508888  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
509936  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
510026  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
510708  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
515161  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
515669  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
515991  [KO:K13916]
519758  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
520277  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
520404  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
525482  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
529463  BEST2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
532844  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
533330  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
534591  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
535017  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
535603  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
536132  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
536654  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
537960  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
539277  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
539383  [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
539543  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
539899  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
613600  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
613800  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
614878  TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
616757  BST1; ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18152] [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
617095  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
617219  [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
617412  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
617705  [KO:K13912]
777776  LYZ; lysozyme C, non-stomach isozyme precursor [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
781146  [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
781349  LYZ1; lysozyme C-1 precursor [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
782368  AQP5; aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
785803  [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
787241  [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
788151  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
789503  MUC5B; mucin-5B [KO:K13908]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
bta04020  Calcium signaling pathway
bta04530  Tight junction
bta04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   

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