KEGG   PATHWAY: cfa04140
Entry
cfa04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
cfa04140  Autophagy - animal
cfa04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Canis lupus familiaris (dog) [GN:cfa]
Gene
483665  INS; insulin precursor [KO:K04526]
442951  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
486148  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
485548  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X8 [KO:K07187]
492059  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
488084  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
489644  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
477085  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
609956  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
487235  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100856339  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
479875  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
442964  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X8 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
449021  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
490878  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
403832  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
403735  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform 1 [KO:K02833]
403871  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
403872  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
477082  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
476413  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
476865  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X3 [KO:K07830]
484648  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
478347  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
611939  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
477575  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100855877  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
480348  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
489038  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
479883  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
480688  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
607408  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15464]
475545  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X2 [KO:K07208]
608378  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X2 [KO:K07204]
482028  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
478232  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X5 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
610130  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
610936  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
480580  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X3 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
610499  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
480950  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
403608  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
482873  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
477437  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X3 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
489525  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X8 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
483632  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
486535  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
477876  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
480428  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
483756  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X2 [KO:K17906]
490899  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17908]
608721  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X8 [KO:K17908]
480820  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
612890  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
482799  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
102154798  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
477299  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X8 [KO:K21245]
102153942  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
610498  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X3 [KO:K23610]
481569  C11H9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
403773  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
100684215  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
481459  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X4 [KO:K14381]
481145  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X2 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
608092  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
403774  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
100856572  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
491907  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X19 [KO:K16185]
474994  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
100685060  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
485088  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
479351  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
489571  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
403556  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
479975  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
494005  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
477746  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
478464  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
474652  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
403416  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
403618  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
483763  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
480513  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
490371  BECN2; beclin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
479220  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K21246]
477064  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
490477  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
490704  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
483634  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
100688110  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
610064  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
481630  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
607998  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X3 [KO:K21249]
612505  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X5 [KO:K11248]
100856511  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X9 [KO:K19330]
486263  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102156745  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
610766  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X6 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
476548  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
476745  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
484142  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
610682  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
403170  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
100682891  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
608254  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21250]
475756  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
478257  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X12 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
480361  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100856311  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
480570  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
484668  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X5 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
490768  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K17603]
474636  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X2 [KO:K08336]
610868  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
477412  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
485205  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
476533  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X2 [KO:K08337]
610103  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
478564  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
488471  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
100685754  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
478013  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
479646  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
479479  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
612919  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
477201  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
479619  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
611659  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
481015  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
609599  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X3 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
484953  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
489561  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
480509  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
478003  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
480545  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X6 [KO:K21348]
475264  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
487841  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
403722  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
102151129  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
474599  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
479513  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
486442  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X2 [KO:K08509]
609784  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
475497  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X2 [KO:K08516]
483987  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X1 [KO:K08488]
100855933  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
119873243  PLEKHM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X8 [KO:K23282]
489374  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
100856310  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
487503  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20181]
477462  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X2 [KO:K20182]
487516  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X3 [KO:K20183]
475876  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20184]
475718  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X47 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
488395  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
485594  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
404007  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
488576  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
476995  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
481037  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
483662  CTSD; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
102156614  CTSV; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100688895  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: procathepsin L isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
484140  CTSL3; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
486077  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X2 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
cfa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
cfa04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
cfa04142  Lysosome
cfa04150  mTOR signaling pathway
cfa04152  AMPK signaling pathway
cfa04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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