KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04071
Entry
hsa04071                    Pathway                                
Name
Sphingolipid signaling pathway - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Sphingomyelin (SM) and its metabolic products are now known to have second messenger functions in a variety of cellular signaling pathways. Particularly, the sphingolipid metabolites, ceramide (Cer) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), have emerged as a new class of potent bioactive molecules. Ceramide can be generated de novo or by hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinase (SMase). Ceramide is subsequently metabolized by ceramidase to generate sphingosine (Sph) which in turn produces S1P through phosphorylation by sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SphK1, 2). Both ceramide and S1P regulate cellular responses to stress, with generally opposing effects. S1P functions as a growth and survival factor, acting as a ligand for a family of G protein-coupled receptors, whereas ceramide activates intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways through receptor-independent mechanisms.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
hsa04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
hsa04071

Drug
D04187  Fingolimod hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D10001  Fingolimod (INN)
D10820  Olipudase alfa (USAN/INN)
D10904  Amiselimod hydrochloride (USAN)
D10905  Amiselimod (USAN/INN)
D10930  Etrasimod (USAN)
D10931  Etrasimod arginine (USAN)
D10967  Ozanimod hydrochloride (JAN/USAN)
D10968  Ozanimod (USAN/INN)
D11072  Siponimod fumarate (USAN)
D11215  Ponesimod (USAN/INN)
D11283  Cenerimod (JAN/USAN/INN)
D11460  Siponimod (USAN/INN)
D12376  Udifitimod (USAN)
D12377  Udifitimod hydrochloride (USAN)
D12549  Fingolimod lauryl sulfate
D12771  Mocravimod (USAN/INN)
D12772  Mocravimod hydrochloride (USAN)
D12897  Tamuzimod (USAN/INN)
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
10000  AKT3; AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
10558  SPTLC1; serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1 [KO:K00654] [EC:2.3.1.50]
10672  GNA13; G protein subunit alpha 13 [KO:K04639]
10715  CERS1; ceramide synthase 1 [KO:K04710] [EC:2.3.1.299]
110117499  P3R3URF-PIK3R3; P3R3URF-PIK3R3 readthrough [KO:K02649]
123099  DEGS2; delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 2 [KO:K04712] [EC:1.14.19.17 1.14.18.5]
125981  ACER1; alkaline ceramidase 1 [KO:K01441] [EC:3.5.1.23]
130367  SGPP2; sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 2 [KO:K04717] [EC:3.1.3.-]
134  ADORA1; adenosine A1 receptor [KO:K04265]
140  ADORA3; adenosine A3 receptor [KO:K04268]
1432  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
1509  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
165679  SPTSSB; serine palmitoyltransferase small subunit B [KO:K26384]
166929  SGMS2; sphingomyelin synthase 2 [KO:K04714] [EC:2.7.8.27 3.1.4.62]
171546  SPTSSA; serine palmitoyltransferase small subunit A [KO:K26384]
1901  S1PR1; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 [KO:K04288]
1903  S1PR3; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 [KO:K04290]
204219  CERS3; ceramide synthase 3 [KO:K24622]
207  AKT1; AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
208  AKT2; AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
2205  FCER1A; Fc epsilon receptor Ia [KO:K08089]
2206  MS4A2; membrane spanning 4-domains A2 [KO:K08090]
2207  FCER1G; Fc epsilon receptor Ig [KO:K07983]
23236  PLCB1; phospholipase C beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
2534  FYN; FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
253782  CERS6; ceramide synthase 6 [KO:K23727]
259230  SGMS1; sphingomyelin synthase 1 [KO:K04714] [EC:2.7.8.27 3.1.4.62]
2768  GNA12; G protein subunit alpha 12 [KO:K04346]
2770  GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1 [KO:K04630]
2771  GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2 [KO:K04630]
2773  GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3 [KO:K04630]
2776  GNAQ; G protein subunit alpha q [KO:K04634]
28227  PPP2R3B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''beta [KO:K11583]
29956  CERS2; ceramide synthase 2 [KO:K24621]
3265  HRAS; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K02833]
340485  ACER2; alkaline ceramidase 2 [KO:K01441] [EC:3.5.1.23]
3827  KNG1; kininogen 1 [KO:K03898]
3845  KRAS; KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07827]
387  RHOA; ras homolog family member A [KO:K04513]
4217  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
427  ASAH1; N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 [KO:K12348] [EC:3.5.1.23]
4363  ABCC1; ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1 blood group) [KO:K05665] [EC:7.6.2.3]
4790  NFKB1; nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 [KO:K02580]
4846  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase 3 [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
4893  NRAS; NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [KO:K07828]
4985  OPRD1; opioid receptor delta 1 [KO:K04213]
5170  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
5290  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5291  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5293  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
5295  PIK3R1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649]
5296  PIK3R2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649]
5330  PLCB2; phospholipase C beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5331  PLCB3; phospholipase C beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5332  PLCB4; phospholipase C beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
5337  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
5338  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
53637  S1PR5; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 [KO:K04295]
55012  PPP2R3C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''gamma [KO:K11583]
5515  PPP2CA; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
5516  PPP2CB; protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
5518  PPP2R1A; protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Aalpha [KO:K03456]
5519  PPP2R1B; protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Abeta [KO:K03456]
5520  PPP2R2A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Balpha [KO:K04354]
5521  PPP2R2B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bbeta [KO:K04354]
5522  PPP2R2C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bgamma [KO:K04354]
5523  PPP2R3A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''alpha [KO:K11583]
5525  PPP2R5A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'alpha [KO:K11584]
5526  PPP2R5B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'beta [KO:K11584]
5527  PPP2R5C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma [KO:K11584]
5528  PPP2R5D; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'delta [KO:K11584]
5529  PPP2R5E; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'epsilon [KO:K11584]
55304  SPTLC3; serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3 [KO:K00654] [EC:2.3.1.50]
5578  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5579  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5581  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5582  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
55844  PPP2R2D; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bdelta [KO:K04354]
5590  PRKCZ; protein kinase C zeta [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5594  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5595  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5599  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5600  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5601  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5602  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5603  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
5604  MAP2K1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
5605  MAP2K2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
56624  ASAH2; N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2 [KO:K12349] [EC:3.5.1.23]
56848  SPHK2; sphingosine kinase 2 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
5728  PTEN; phosphatase and tensin homolog [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
581  BAX; BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator [KO:K02159]
5879  RAC1; Rac family small GTPase 1 [KO:K04392]
5880  RAC2; Rac family small GTPase 2 [KO:K07860]
5881  RAC3; Rac family small GTPase 3 [KO:K07861]
5894  RAF1; Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
596  BCL2; BCL2 apoptosis regulator [KO:K02161]
5970  RELA; RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit [KO:K04735]
6093  ROCK1; Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 [KO:K04514] [EC:2.7.11.39]
624  BDKRB2; bradykinin receptor B2 [KO:K03916]
6300  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
637  BID; BH3 interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
6609  SMPD1; sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 [KO:K12350] [EC:3.1.4.12]
6610  SMPD2; sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 [KO:K12351] [EC:3.1.4.12]
7124  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
7132  TNFRSF1A; TNF receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
7157  TP53; tumor protein p53 [KO:K04451]
7186  TRAF2; TNF receptor associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
79603  CERS4; ceramide synthase 4 [KO:K24621]
81537  SGPP1; sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 [KO:K04716] [EC:3.1.3.-]
8439  NSMAF; neutral sphingomyelinase activation associated factor [KO:K18953]
8503  PIK3R3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649]
8560  DEGS1; delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1 [KO:K04712] [EC:1.14.19.17 1.14.18.5]
8698  S1PR4; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 [KO:K04293]
8717  TRADD; TNFRSF1A associated via death domain [KO:K03171]
8877  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
8879  SGPL1; sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 [KO:K01634] [EC:4.1.2.27]
91012  CERS5; ceramide synthase 5 [KO:K23727]
9294  S1PR2; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 [KO:K04292]
9475  ROCK2; Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 [KO:K17388] [EC:2.7.11.39]
9517  SPTLC2; serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 [KO:K00654] [EC:2.3.1.50]
9846  GAB2; GRB2 associated binding protein 2 [KO:K08091]
Compound
C00065  L-Serine
C00154  Palmitoyl-CoA
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00195  N-Acylsphingosine
C00212  Adenosine
C00319  Sphingosine
C00346  Ethanolamine phosphate
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00550  Sphingomyelin
C00836  Sphinganine
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C12126  Dihydroceramide
C16845  Peroxynitrite
Reference
PMID:18216770
  Authors
Hannun YA, Obeid LM
  Title
Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:139-50 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2329
Reference
PMID:17161984
  Authors
Taha TA, Mullen TD, Obeid LM
  Title
A house divided: ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate in programmed cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:2027-36 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.10.018
Reference
PMID:23919551
  Authors
Liu J, Beckman BS, Foroozesh M
  Title
A review of ceramide analogs as potential anticancer agents.
  Journal
Future Med Chem 5:1405-21 (2013)
DOI:10.4155/fmc.13.107
Reference
PMID:18675379
  Authors
Kono M, Allende ML, Proia RL
  Title
Sphingosine-1-phosphate regulation of mammalian development.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1781:435-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.07.001
Reference
PMID:18403224
  Authors
Olivera A
  Title
Unraveling the complexities of sphingosine-1-phosphate function: the mast cell model.
  Journal
Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 86:1-11 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.02.005
Reference
PMID:25309325
  Authors
Brunkhorst R, Vutukuri R, Pfeilschifter W
  Title
Fingolimod for the treatment of neurological diseases-state of play and future perspectives.
  Journal
Front Cell Neurosci 8:283 (2014)
DOI:10.3389/fncel.2014.00283
Reference
PMID:15999095
  Authors
Rosen H, Goetzl EJ
  Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors: an autocrine and paracrine network.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:560-70 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1650
Reference
PMID:10880336
  Authors
Pyne S, Pyne NJ
  Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Biochem J 349:385-402 (2000)
DOI:10.1042/bj3490385
Reference
PMID:21705677
  Authors
Egom EE, Mohamed TM, Mamas MA, Shi Y, Liu W, Chirico D, Stringer SE, Ke Y, Shaheen M, Wang T, Chacko S, Wang X, Solaro RJ, Fath-Ordoubadi F, Cartwright EJ, Lei M
  Title
Activation of Pak1/Akt/eNOS signaling following sphingosine-1-phosphate release as part of a mechanism protecting cardiomyocytes against ischemic cell injury.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301:H1487-95 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/ajpheart.01003.2010
Reference
PMID:15451787
  Authors
Jin ZQ, Goetzl EJ, Karliner JS
  Title
Sphingosine kinase activation mediates ischemic preconditioning in murine heart.
  Journal
Circulation 110:1980-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000143632.06471.93
Reference
PMID:17913601
  Authors
Melendez AJ
  Title
Sphingosine kinase signalling in immune cells: potential as novel therapeutic targets.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1784:66-75 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.07.013
Reference
PMID:22654878
  Authors
Halova I, Draberova L, Draber P
  Title
Mast cell chemotaxis - chemoattractants and signaling pathways.
  Journal
Front Immunol 3:119 (2012)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00119
Reference
PMID:17438574
  Authors
Kraft S, Kinet JP
  Title
New developments in FcepsilonRI regulation, function and inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 7:365-78 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2072
Reference
PMID:16470226
  Authors
Gilfillan AM, Tkaczyk C.
  Title
Integrated signalling pathways for mast-cell activation.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 6:218-30 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1782
Reference
PMID:11418646
  Authors
Osawa Y, Banno Y, Nagaki M, Brenner DA, Naiki T, Nozawa Y, Nakashima S, Moriwaki H
  Title
TNF-alpha-induced sphingosine 1-phosphate inhibits apoptosis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in human hepatocytes.
  Journal
J Immunol 167:173-80 (2001)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.173
Reference
PMID:20534702
  Authors
Montfort A, Martin PG, Levade T, Benoist H, Segui B
  Title
FAN (factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activation), a moonlighting protein in TNF-R1 signaling.
  Journal
J Leukoc Biol 88:897-903 (2010)
DOI:10.1189/jlb.0410188
Reference
PMID:11001563
  Authors
Chatterjee S
  Title
Neutral sphingomyelinase: past, present and future.
  Journal
Chem Phys Lipids 102:79-96 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0009-3084(99)00077-8
Related
pathway
hsa00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
hsa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
hsa04142  Lysosome
hsa04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04071   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system