Entry
Name
cAMP signaling pathway - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
cAMP is one of the most common and universal second messengers, and its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation after ligation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by ligands including hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules. cAMP regulates pivotal physiologic processes including metabolism, secretion, calcium homeostasis, muscle contraction, cell fate, and gene transcription. cAMP acts directly on three main targets: protein kinase A (PKA), the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs). PKA modulates, via phosphorylation, a number of cellular substrates, including transcription factors, ion channels, transporters, exchangers, intracellular Ca2+ -handling proteins, and the contractile machinery. Epac proteins function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for both Rap1 and Rap2. Various effector proteins, including adaptor proteins implicated in modulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulators of G proteins of the Rho family, and phospholipases, relay signaling downstream from Rap.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:
rno ]
Gene
116700 Cga; glycoprotein hormones alpha chain precursor [KO:K08522 ]
25329 Lhb; lutropin subunit beta isoform 1 precursor [KO:K08521 ]
171158 Gpha2; glycoprotein hormone alpha-2 precursor [KO:K25483 ]
366668 Gphb5; glycoprotein hormone beta-5 precursor [KO:K25484 ]
25653 Tshb; thyrotropin subunit beta precursor [KO:K05251 ]
25040 Gip; gastric inhibitory polypeptide precursor [KO:K05258 ]
25447 Fshb; follitropin subunit beta precursor [KO:K05250 ]
24602 Nppa; natriuretic peptides A precursor [KO:K12334 ]
24166 Adcyap1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide precursor [KO:K05262 ]
81752 Ptger2; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype [KO:K04259 ]
24167 Adcyap1r1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor isoform a precursor [KO:K04587 ]
29555 Vipr2; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 2 precursor [KO:K04590 ]
58959 Crhr1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04578 ]
64680 Crhr2; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 precursor [KO:K04579 ]
25477 Lhcgr; lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor precursor [KO:K04248 ]
282839 Mc2r; adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor [KO:K04200 ]
25051 Glp1r; glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor precursor [KO:K04581 ]
25024 Gipr; gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor precursor [KO:K04580 ]
302813 Gpr119; glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor [KO:K08424 ]
25449 Fshr; follicle-stimulating hormone receptor precursor [KO:K04247 ]
24896 Gnas; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor [KO:K04632 ]
24604 Npy; pro-neuropeptide Y preproprotein [KO:K05232 ]
59301 Ghrl; appetite-regulating hormone preproprotein [KO:K05254 ]
25504 Oxt; oxytocin-neurophysin 1 preproprotein [KO:K05243 ]
24473 Htr1a; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A [KO:K04153 ]
25075 Htr1b; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B [KO:K04153 ]
25323 Htr1d; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D [KO:K04153 ]
60448 Htr1f; 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F [KO:K04153 ]
25229 Chrm1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129 ]
81645 Chrm2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 [KO:K04130 ]
24318 Drd2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform 1 [KO:K04145 ]
81657 Gabbr1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 precursor [KO:K04615 ]
83633 Gabbr2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 precursor [KO:K04615 ]
24326 Ednra; endothelin-1 receptor precursor [KO:K04197 ]
29358 Npy1r; neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 [KO:K04204 ]
24929 Ptger3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype [KO:K04260 ]
84022 Ghsr; growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 [KO:K04284 ]
25686 Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
25643 Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
81664 Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
85259 Cnga1; cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1 [KO:K04948 ]
25411 Cnga2; cyclic nucleotide-gated olfactory channel [KO:K04949 ]
85257 Cnga3; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 isoform 1 [KO:K04950 ]
85258 Cnga4; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4 [KO:K04951 ]
500418 Cngb3; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-3 [KO:K04953 ]
25400 Camk2a; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
24246 Camk2d; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
24245 Camk2b; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform 2 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
171140 Camk2g; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
360718 Popdc2; popeye domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K26206 ]
641520 Popdc3; popeye domain-containing protein 3 isoform 2 [KO:K26207 ]
170899 Kcnk2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 isoform 2 [KO:K04913 ]
114244 Hcn2; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 [KO:K04955 ]
59266 Hcn4; potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 [KO:K04957 ]
170924 Abcc4; ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 4 [KO:K05673 ]
59326 Rapgef3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 [KO:K08014 ]
252857 Rapgef4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 [KO:K04351 ]
114633 Plce1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
171337 Rap1b; ras-related protein Rap-1b precursor [KO:K07836 ]
304109 Tiam1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 [KO:K05731 ]
295378 Vav3; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 [KO:K05730 ]
296603 Vav2; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 [KO:K05730 ]
363875 Rac1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
366957 Rac2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860 ]
688319 Rac3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 [KO:K07861 ]
361314 Arap3; ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3 [KO:K12490 ]
297173 RSA-14-44; ras homolog gene family, member A [KO:K04513 ]
85243 Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
170911 Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
366508 Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
134484121 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
25513 Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
60664 Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
29741 Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
58960 Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
360616 Ppp1r1b; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B [KO:K15494 ]
24668 Ppp1ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
24669 Ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform 1 [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
25594 Ppp1cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
81646 Creb1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform A [KO:K05870 ]
310616 Creb3l4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K09048 ]
362165 Creb3l1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
362339 Creb3l2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
314638 Creb3l3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
500131 Creb5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047 ]
24225 Bdnf; brain-derived neurotrophic factor isoform 3 preproprotein [KO:K04355 ]
89830 Ptch1; protein patched homolog 1 isoform 2 [KO:K06225 ]
291936 Hhip; hedgehog-interacting protein precursor [KO:K06231 ]
81736 Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 2 [KO:K02580 ]
25378 Amh; muellerian-inhibiting factor precursor [KO:K04665 ]
25747 Ppara; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [KO:K07294 ]
100361818 Nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform 1 [KO:K04446 ]
25439 F2r; proteinase-activated receptor 1 precursor [KO:K03914 ]
64639 Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158 ]
116670 Ppp1r12a; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A [KO:K06270 ]
296313 Myl9; myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9 [KO:K12755 ]
29693 Atp2a2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform b [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
24408 Grin1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform 1a precursor [KO:K05208 ]
24409 Grin2a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A precursor [KO:K05209 ]
24410 Grin2b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B precursor [KO:K05210 ]
24411 Grin2c; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211 ]
24412 Grin2d; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D precursor [KO:K05212 ]
191573 Grin3a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05213 ]
170796 Grin3b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B precursor [KO:K05214 ]
50592 Gria1; glutamate receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05197 ]
29627 Gria2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K05198 ]
29628 Gria3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K05199 ]
29629 Gria4; glutamate receptor 4 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K05200 ]
24211 Atp1a1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 precursor [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
24212 Atp1a2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 precursor [KO:K01539 ] [EC:7.2.2.13 ]
25650 Atp1b1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
24214 Atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
25390 Atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
29639 Fxyd2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform a [KO:K01538 ]
304496 Orai1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
29598 Atp2b1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 isoform 3 [KO:K05850 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
24239 Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
29716 Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
114493 Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
682930 Cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Fimia GM, Sassone-Corsi P
Title
Cyclic AMP signalling.
Journal
J Cell Sci 114:1971-2 (2001)
Reference
Authors
Serezani CH, Ballinger MN, Aronoff DM, Peters-Golden M
Title
Cyclic AMP: master regulator of innate immune cell function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oldenburger A, Maarsingh H, Schmidt M
Title
Multiple facets of cAMP signalling and physiological impact: cAMP compartmentalization in the lung.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ahuja M, Jha A, Maleth J, Park S, Muallem S
Title
cAMP and Ca signaling in secretory epithelia: Crosstalk and synergism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shirshev SV
Title
Role of Epac proteins in mechanisms of cAMP-dependent immunoregulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roscioni SS, Elzinga CR, Schmidt M
Title
Epac: effectors and biological functions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roberts OL, Dart C
Title
cAMP signalling in the vasculature: the role of Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP).
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schaub MC, Hefti MA, Zaugg M
Title
Integration of calcium with the signaling network in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J
Title
The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD
Title
Mechanistic systems models of cell signaling networks: a case study of myocyte adrenergic regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang JH, Saucerman JJ
Title
Computational models reduce complexity and accelerate insight into cardiac signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Taggart P, Boyett MR, Logantha S, Lambiase PD
Title
Anger, emotion, and arrhythmias: from brain to heart.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bozzi Y, Dunleavy M, Henshall DC
Title
Cell signaling underlying epileptic behavior.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lizcano JM, Morrice N, Cohen P
Title
Regulation of BAD by cAMP-dependent protein kinase is mediated via phosphorylation of a novel site, Ser155.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gerlo S, Kooijman R, Beck IM, Kolmus K, Spooren A, Haegeman G
Title
Cyclic AMP: a selective modulator of NF-kappaB action.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lauder JM
Title
Neurotransmitters as growth regulatory signals: role of receptors and second messengers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Voglis G, Tavernarakis N
Title
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic plasticity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Altarejos JY, Montminy M
Title
CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bozzi Y, Borrelli E
Title
The role of dopamine signaling in epileptogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ceulemans H, Bollen M
Title
Functional diversity of protein phosphatase-1, a cellular economizer and reset button.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lipinski RJ, Gipp JJ, Zhang J, Doles JD, Bushman W
Title
Unique and complimentary activities of the Gli transcription factors in Hedgehog signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lasala C, Schteingart HF, Arouche N, Bedecarras P, Grinspon RP, Picard JY, Josso N, di Clemente N, Rey RA
Title
SOX9 and SF1 are involved in cyclic AMP-mediated upregulation of anti-Mullerian gene expression in the testicular prepubertal Sertoli cell line SMAT1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rosenkranz AC, Rauch BH, Freidel K, Schror K
Title
Regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 by vasodilatory prostaglandins via NFAT.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lazennec G, Canaple L, Saugy D, Wahli W
Title
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by their ligands and protein kinase A activators.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murthy KS
Title
Signaling for contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of the gut.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Birukova AA, Zagranichnaya T, Alekseeva E, Bokoch GM, Birukov KG
Title
Epac/Rap and PKA are novel mechanisms of ANP-induced Rac-mediated pulmonary endothelial barrier protection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Houslay MD, Milligan G
Title
Tailoring cAMP-signalling responses through isoform multiplicity.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs