Entry
Name
FoxO signaling pathway - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Description
The forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors regulates the expression of genes in cellular physiological events including apoptosis, cell-cycle control, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity. A central regulatory mechanism of FOXO proteins is phosphorylation by the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), in response to insulin or several growth factors. Phosphorylation at three conserved residues results in the export of FOXO proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby decreasing expression of FOXO target genes. In contrast, the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the energy sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), upon oxidative and nutrient stress stimuli phosphorylate and activate FoxOs. Aside from PKB, JNK and AMPK, FOXOs are regulated by multiple players through several post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, but also acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) [GN:
xla ]
Gene
397778 tgfb1.L; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein precursor [KO:K13375 ]
108700276 tgfb1.S; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein-like [KO:K13375 ]
373801 tgfb2.L; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein precursor [KO:K13376 ]
108717706 tgfb2.S; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein-like isoform X1 [KO:K13376 ]
399295 tgfbr1.S; transforming growth factor beta receptor I S homeolog precursor [KO:K04674 ] [EC:2.7.11.30 ]
403356 smad4.2.L; SMAD family member 4, gene 2 L homeolog 2 [KO:K04501 ]
780764 smad4.L; SMAD family member 4, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K04501 ]
108700426 smad4.2.S; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
495290 prkaa1.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K07198 ] [EC:2.7.11.31 ]
399172 prkaa2.S; protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K07198 ] [EC:2.7.11.31 ]
443998 prkab1.S; protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K07199 ]
380372 prkab2.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 2 non-catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K07199 ]
108715739 prkab2.S; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199 ]
108715919 prkab1.L; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199 ]
444397 prkag1.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K07200 ]
380124 prkag3.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catatlytic subunit [KO:K07200 ]
398958 prkag2.S; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K07200 ]
100127310 prkag3.S; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K07200 ]
108718729 prkag2.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K07200 ]
108709817 prkag1.S; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
734901 skp2.L; S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase L homeolog [KO:K03875 ]
444033 slc2a4.L; solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 L homeolog [KO:K07191 ]
398925 stk4.S; serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 [KO:K04411 ]
779226 stk4.L; serine/threonine kinase 4 L homeolog [KO:K04411 ]
373752 pik3ca.L; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
108717120 pik3cb.L; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
108718090 pik3ca.S; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
108718190 pik3cb.S; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
447594 pik3r3.L; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 L homeolog [KO:K02649 ]
443964 pik3r1.L; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 L homeolog [KO:K02649 ]
399202 pik3r1.S; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
446786 pik3r3.S; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 S homeolog [KO:K02649 ]
108713027 pik3r2.L; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
108706884 pik3r2.S; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
432200 ikbkb.L; inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta L homeolog [KO:K07209 ] [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
380316 homer3.L; homer scaffold protein 3 L homeolog [KO:K15010 ]
594872 homer1.L; homer scaffold protein 1 L homeolog [KO:K15010 ]
108708599 arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
108709870 arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
379264 stat3.2.L; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.2 [KO:K04692 ]
779100 stat3.1.L; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.1 [KO:K04692 ]
108702458 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.2-like [KO:K04692 ]
444095 grb2.S; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-B [KO:K04364 ]
399458 grb2.L; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-A [KO:K04364 ]
399406 hras.L; Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog L homeolog [KO:K02833 ]
397771 kras.L; kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog L homeolog [KO:K07827 ]
379991 map2k1.L; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
398888 ccnb2.L; uncharacterized protein LOC398888 [KO:K21770 ]
779240 cdkn2b.L; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B L homeolog [KO:K04685 ]
446719 cdkn2d.S; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D S homeolog [KO:K06623 ]
492305 cdkn1a.L; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625 ]
492306 cdkn1b.S; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1) S homeolog [KO:K06624 ]
379224 gadd45a.S; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha S homeolog [KO:K04402 ]
399196 gadd45g.L; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma L homeolog [KO:K04402 ]
379285 gadd45g.S; uncharacterized protein LOC379285 [KO:K04402 ]
101027271 gadd45b.S; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta S homeolog [KO:K04402 ]
108714209 gadd45a.L; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402 ]
108712402 gadd45b.L; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402 ]
108715004 faslg.S; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
108717006 tnfsf10.L; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721 ]
495412 bcl6.L; BCL6, transcription repressor L homeolog [KO:K15618 ]
446862 bcl6.S; BCL6, transcription repressor S homeolog [KO:K15618 ]
398786 bnip3.S; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3 S homeolog [KO:K15464 ]
108696110 bnip3.L; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15464 ]
414477 gabarap.L; uncharacterized protein LOC414477 [KO:K08341 ]
443979 gabarapl1.S; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341 ]
494762 gabarapl1.L; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341 ]
734814 gabarapl2.L; GABA(A) receptor-associated protein like 2 L homeolog [KO:K08341 ]
108715442 gabarapl2.S; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341 ]
399424 pck2.L; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial) L homeolog [KO:K01596 ] [EC:4.1.1.32 ]
379290 g6pc1.2.S; glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 1, gene 2 S homeolog [KO:K01084 ] [EC:3.1.3.9 ]
379852 g6pc1.1.L; glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 1, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K01084 ] [EC:3.1.3.9 ]
447506 g6pc1.1.S; glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 1, gene 1 S homeolog [KO:K01084 ] [EC:3.1.3.9 ]
398855 g6pc1.2.L; glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 1, gene 2 L homeolog [KO:K01084 ] [EC:3.1.3.9 ]
444659 s1pr1.L; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 L homeolog [KO:K04288 ]
432121 fbxo25.L; F-box only protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K10305 ]
Compound
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Glauser DA, Schlegel W
Title
The emerging role of FOXO transcription factors in pancreatic beta cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
van der Horst A, Burgering BM
Title
Stressing the role of FoxO proteins in lifespan and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Eijkelenboom A, Burgering BM
Title
FOXOs: signalling integrators for homeostasis maintenance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Daitoku H, Fukamizu A
Title
FOXO transcription factors in the regulatory networks of longevity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hedrick SM
Title
The cunning little vixen: Foxo and the cycle of life and death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Coffer PJ, Burgering BM
Title
Forkhead-box transcription factors and their role in the immune system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ro SH, Liu D, Yeo H, Paik JH
Title
FoxOs in neural stem cell fate decision.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC
Title
OutFOXOing disease and disability: the therapeutic potential of targeting FoxO proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hagenbuchner J, Ausserlechner MJ
Title
Mitochondria and FOXO3: breath or die.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC
Title
"Sly as a FOXO": new paths with Forkhead signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oh HM, Yu CR, Dambuza I, Marrero B, Egwuagu CE
Title
STAT3 protein interacts with Class O Forkhead transcription factors in the cytoplasm and regulates nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of FoxO1 and FoxO3a proteins in CD4(+) T cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Huang H, Tindall DJ
Title
Regulation of FOXO protein stability via ubiquitination and proteasome degradation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Greer EL, Brunet A
Title
FOXO transcription factors at the interface between longevity and tumor suppression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Seoane J, Le HV, Shen L, Anderson SA, Massague J
Title
Integration of Smad and forkhead pathways in the control of neuroepithelial and glioblastoma cell proliferation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamagata K, Daitoku H, Takahashi Y, Namiki K, Hisatake K, Kako K, Mukai H, Kasuya Y, Fukamizu A
Title
Arginine methylation of FOXO transcription factors inhibits their phosphorylation by Akt.
Journal
Reference
Authors
van der Horst A, de Vries-Smits AM, Brenkman AB, van Triest MH, van den Broek N, Colland F, Maurice MM, Burgering BM
Title
FOXO4 transcriptional activity is regulated by monoubiquitination and USP7/HAUSP.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang Y, Gan B, Liu D, Paik JH
Title
FoxO family members in cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Van Der Heide LP, Hoekman MF, Smidt MP
Title
The ins and outs of FoxO shuttling: mechanisms of FoxO translocation and transcriptional regulation.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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