Entry
Name
Focal adhesion - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Description
Cell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the cell-extracellular matrix contact points, specialized structures are formed and termed focal adhesions, where bundles of actin filaments are anchored to transmembrane receptors of the integrin family through a multi-molecular complex of junctional plaque proteins. Some of the constituents of focal adhesions participate in the structural link between membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton, while others are signalling molecules, including different protein kinases and phosphatases, their substrates, and various adapter proteins. Integrin signaling is dependent upon the non-receptor tyrosine kinase activities of the FAK and src proteins as well as the adaptor protein functions of FAK, src and Shc to initiate downstream signaling events. These signalling events culminate in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton; a prerequisite for changes in cell shape and motility, and gene expression. Similar morphological alterations and modulation of gene expression are initiated by the binding of growth factors to their respective receptors, emphasizing the considerable crosstalk between adhesion- and growth factor-mediated signalling.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cellular community - eukaryotes
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) [GN:
xla ]
Gene
100037058 vegfa.S; vascular endothelial growth factor A S homeolog precursor [KO:K05448 ]
100190767 elk1.S; ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family S homeolog [KO:K04375 ]
100191022 itga2b.1.S; integrin subunit alpha 2b S homeolog precursor [KO:K06476 ]
100192353 ibsp.L; integrin-binding sialoprotein L homeolog precursor [KO:K06253 ]
108695600 myl12b.S; myosin regulatory light chain 2, smooth muscle minor isoform [KO:K12757 ]
108696117 dock1.L; dedicator of cytokinesis protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K13708 ]
108697104 myl2.L; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351 ]
108697392 dock1.S; dedicator of cytokinesis protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K13708 ]
108697660 cdc42.S; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
108698108 elk1.L; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04375 ]
108698197 vav2.L; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
108698866 rapgef1.L; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06277 ]
108700189 arhgap35.S; rho GTPase-activating protein 35-like isoform X1 [KO:K05732 ]
108701573 pdgfa.L; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A-like isoform X2 [KO:K04359 ]
108706884 pik3r2.S; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
108707456 myl10.L; myosin regulatory light chain 2B, cardiac muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K12756 ]
108708153 ppp1r12b.L; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B [KO:K12329 ]
108711109 ppp1r12a.L; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X3 [KO:K06270 ]
108712731 myl7.S; myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform [KO:K12754 ]
108713027 pik3r2.L; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
108714432 vav3.L; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 isoform X2 [KO:K05730 ]
108714525 pdgfb.L; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
108715363 bcar1.S; breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
108715695 vav3.S; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 isoform X2 [KO:K05730 ]
108717120 pik3cb.L; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
108718090 pik3ca.S; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
108718190 pik3cb.S; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
373551 met.L; MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase L homeolog precursor [KO:K05099 ] [EC:2.7.10.1 ]
373589 vegfa.L; vascular endothelial growth factor A L homeolog precursor [KO:K05448 ]
373752 pik3ca.L; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
379055 cdc42.L; cell division cycle 42 L homeolog [KO:K04393 ]
379268 emp2.L; epithelial membrane protein 2 L homeolog [KO:K26256 ]
379326 rhoc.L; ras homolog family member C L homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
379416 rhoa.L; ras homolog family member A L homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
379508 thbs1.L; thrombospondin 1 L homeolog precursor [KO:K16857 ]
379646 vav2.S; vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 S homeolog [KO:K05730 ]
379914 ppp1ca.L; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme L homeolog [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
379991 map2k1.L; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
380133 rhoa.2.S; ras homolog gene family, member A, gene 2 S homeolog [KO:K04513 ]
380339 thbs3.L; thrombospondin 3 L homeolog precursor [KO:K04659 ]
380419 col1a2.L; collagen type I alpha 2 L homeolog precursor [KO:K06236 ]
380472 myl12b.L; myosin light chain 12B L homeolog [KO:K12757 ]
380515 col1a1.S; collagen, type I, alpha 1 S homeolog precursor [KO:K06236 ]
380598 ppp1cc.S; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit B [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
394289 rock2.L; Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 L homeolog [KO:K17388 ] [EC:2.7.11.39 ]
397738 col2a1.L; collagen alpha-1(II) chain precursor [KO:K19719 ]
397739 col2a1.S; collagen, type II, alpha 1 S homeolog precursor [KO:K19719 ]
397765 pdgfa.S; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A precursor [KO:K04359 ]
397767 ppp1cc.L; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit A [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
397842 itga5.S; integrin alpha-5-like isoform X1 [KO:K06484 ]
397997 itgav.L; integrin subunit alpha V L homeolog precursor [KO:K06487 ]
398560 col9a1-b; collagen alpha-1(IX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08131 ]
398687 pip5k1c.S; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma S homeolog [KO:K00889 ] [EC:2.7.1.68 ]
398756 bcar1.L; BCAR1, Cas family scaffold protein L homeolog [KO:K05726 ]
399202 pik3r1.S; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649 ]
399251 mylpf.L; myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle L homeolog [KO:K12758 ]
399379 rac3.S; Rac family small GTPase 3 S homeolog [KO:K04392 ]
399406 hras.L; Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog L homeolog [KO:K02833 ]
399458 grb2.L; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-A [KO:K04364 ]
414290 rap1a.S; RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family S homeolog [KO:K04353 ]
414569 crkl.S; uncharacterized protein LOC414569 [KO:K04438 ]
414634 arhgap35.L; rho GTPase-activating protein 35 [KO:K05732 ]
431885 actn1.S; uncharacterized protein LOC431885 [KO:K05699 ]
443852 ppp1cb.L; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
443914 vasp.L; vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein L homeolog [KO:K06274 ]
443964 pik3r1.L; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 L homeolog [KO:K02649 ]
444095 grb2.S; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-B [KO:K04364 ]
444184 rac2.L; Rac family small GTPase 2 L homeolog [KO:K07860 ]
444199 rapgef1.S; Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 S homeolog [KO:K06277 ]
444238 pip5k1b.L; phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, beta L homeolog [KO:K00889 ] [EC:2.7.1.68 ]
444747 emp1.L; epithelial membrane protein 1 L homeolog [KO:K26255 ]
446423 itgb5.L; integrin subunit beta 5 L homeolog precursor [KO:K06588 ]
446508 col9a3.L; collagen, type IX, alpha 3 L homeolog precursor [KO:K08131 ]
446568 birc2.L; baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 L homeolog [KO:K16060 ]
446631 col9a1.L; collagen, type IX, alpha 1 L homeolog precursor [KO:K08131 ]
446786 pik3r3.S; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 S homeolog [KO:K02649 ]
446826 vav1.L; vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 L homeolog [KO:K05730 ]
446985 thbs4.S; thrombospondin 4 S homeolog precursor [KO:K04659 ]
447419 crkl.L; v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like L homeolog [KO:K04438 ]
447594 pik3r3.L; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 L homeolog [KO:K02649 ]
493575 pdgfb.S; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386 ]
494866 rasgrf1.S; ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04349 ]
494988 lamb2.L; laminin subunit beta 2 L homeolog precursor [KO:K06243 ]
495051 itga2b.2.L; integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41), gene 2 L homeolog precursor [KO:K06476 ]
733200 ppp1r12a.S; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X3 [KO:K06270 ]
734275 col6a2.L; uncharacterized protein LOC734275 precursor [KO:K06238 ]
734331 vegfc.S; vascular endothelial growth factor C S homeolog precursor [KO:K05449 ]
734362 col9a2.L; collagen, type IX, alpha 2 L homeolog precursor [KO:K08131 ]
734382 rac1.L; Rac family small GTPase 1 L homeolog [KO:K04392 ]
734930 actn4.L; uncharacterized protein LOC734930 [KO:K05699 ]
779127 rap1a.L; RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family L homeolog [KO:K04353 ]
Compound
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Berman AE, Kozlova NI, Morozevich GE.
Title
Integrins: structure and signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee JW, Juliano R.
Title
Mitogenic signal transduction by integrin- and growth factor receptor-mediated pathways.
Journal
Mol Cells 17:188-202 (2004)
Reference
Authors
Danen EH, Yamada KM.
Title
Fibronectin, integrins, and growth control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Guo W, Giancotti FG.
Title
Integrin signalling during tumour progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Petit V, Thiery JP.
Title
Focal adhesions: structure and dynamics.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stupack DG, Cheresh DA.
Title
Get a ligand, get a life: integrins, signaling and cell survival.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Parsons JT.
Title
Focal adhesion kinase: the first ten years.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mitra SK, Hanson DA, Schlaepfer DD.
Title
Focal adhesion kinase: in command and control of cell motility.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Comoglio PM, Boccaccio C, Trusolino L.
Title
Interactions between growth factor receptors and adhesion molecules: breaking the rules.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schlaepfer DD, Mitra SK.
Title
Multiple connections link FAK to cell motility and invasion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Burridge K, Wennerberg K.
Title
Rho and Rac take center stage.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schmitz AA, Govek EE, Bottner B, Van Aelst L.
Title
Rho GTPases: signaling, migration, and invasion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vanhaesebroeck B, Alessi DR.
Title
The PI3K-PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Nicholson KM, Anderson NG.
Title
The protein kinase B/Akt signalling pathway in human malignancy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oloumi A, McPhee T, Dedhar S.
Title
Regulation of E-cadherin expression and beta-catenin/Tcf transcriptional activity by the integrin-linked kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turner CE.
Title
Paxillin and focal adhesion signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hlobilkova A, Knillova J, Bartek J, Lukas J, Kolar Z.
Title
The mechanism of action of the tumour suppressor gene PTEN.
Journal
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 147:19-25 (2003)
Related pathway
xla04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
xla04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
xla04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
KO pathway