KEGG   PATHWAY: xla04910
Entry
xla04910                    Pathway                                
Name
Insulin signaling pathway - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Description
Insulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K activates 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), which activates Akt, a serine kinase. Akt in turn deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), leading to activation of glycogen synthase (GYS) and thus glycogen synthesis. Activation of Akt also results in the translocation of GLUT4 vesicles from their intracellular pool to the plasma membrane, where they allow uptake of glucose into the cell. Akt also leads to mTOR-mediated activation of protein synthesis by eIF4 and p70S6K. The translocation of GLUT4 protein is also elicited through the CAP/Cbl/TC10 pathway, once Cbl is phosphorylated by INSR.
Other signal transduction proteins interact with IRS including GRB2. GRB2 is part of the cascade including SOS, RAS, RAF and MEK that leads to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogenic responses in the form of gene transcription. SHC is another substrate of INSR. When tyrosine phosphorylated, SHC associates with GRB2 and can thus activate the RAS/MAPK pathway independently of IRS-1.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
xla04910  Insulin signaling pathway
xla04910

Organism
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) [GN:xla]
Gene
100036803  mknk2.S; uncharacterized protein LOC100036803 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100036846  hk2.L; hexokinase 2 L homeolog [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
100037229  pygb.S; glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
100101276  prkaca.S; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, alpha catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100127310  prkag3.S; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K07200]
100158303  socs3l.S; uncharacterized protein LOC100158303 [KO:K04696]
100158346  exoc7.L; exocyst complex component 7 L homeolog [KO:K07195]
100158430  insr.S; uncharacterized protein LOC100158430 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100174796  lipe.L; lipase, hormone-sensitive L homeolog [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
100190767  elk1.S; ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family S homeolog [KO:K04375]
100294520  socs1.L; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 L homeolog [KO:K04694]
100381096  fbp2.L; fructose-bisphosphatase 2 L homeolog [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
100462892  ppargc1a.S; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
100505423  [KO:K07827]
108696106  inpp5a.1.L; inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A isoform X2 [KO:K01106] [EC:3.1.3.56]
108696205  [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
108696213  sorbs1.L; sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06086]
108696363  [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108696734  XB5961731.L; insulin [KO:K04526]
108696746  socs3l.L; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
108696758  [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
108697444  [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
108697633  prkcz.S; protein kinase C zeta type isoform X1 [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
108697769  lipe.S; hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X3 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
108697792  kras.S; GTPase HRas [KO:K07827]
108697802  [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
108698053  ppargc1a.L; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
108698108  elk1.L; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04375]
108698219  tsc1.L; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
108698269  [KO:K07190]
108698315  [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
108698710  [KO:K02183]
108698752  sos2.L; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03099]
108698764  socs4.L; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 [KO:K04697]
108698772  pygl.L; glycogen phosphorylase, liver form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
108698803  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108698866  rapgef1.L; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06277]
108699788  socs4.S; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 [KO:K04697]
108699793  sos2.S; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
108699932  tsc1.S; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
108700442  shc1.S; SHC-transforming protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
108700448  pklr.S; pyruvate kinase PKM-like [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
108700836  g6pc3.1.L; glucose-6-phosphatase 3 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
108700936  ppp1r3d.L; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D [KO:K07189]
108700989  [KO:K07204]
108701000  fasn.L; fatty acid synthase [KO:K00665] [EC:2.3.1.85]
108701572  prkar1b.L; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04739]
108701656  tsc2.L; tuberin isoform X3 [KO:K07207]
108701685  [KO:K07197]
108702596  ptpn1.S; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 [KO:K05696] [EC:3.1.3.48]
108702632  ppp1r3d.S; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D [KO:K07189]
108702724  g6pc1.3.S; glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
108703133  pdpk1.S; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108703142  prkar1b.S; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04739]
108703213  tsc2.S; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
108703239  srebf1.S; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07197]
108704012  raf1.L; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108704101  mapk10.S; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108704179  [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
108705262  [KO:K06086]
108705375  prkci.S; protein kinase C iota type isoform X1 [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
108705407  cbl.S; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108706884  pik3r2.S; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108706896  shc2.S; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
108706999  [KO:K17448]
108707014  pck2.S; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP], mitochondrial [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
108707483  acaca.L; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: acetyl-CoA carboxylase-like [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
108708020  [KO:K07190]
108708031  sh2b2.L; SH2B adapter protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07193]
108708334  phkg1.L; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
108708462  [KO:K07187]
108708768  inppl1.L; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
108709337  [KO:K07190]
108709342  crk.S; adapter molecule crk-like isoform X1 [KO:K04438]
108709343  sh2b2.S; SH2B adapter protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07193]
108709507  acaca.S; acetyl-CoA carboxylase isoform X1 [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
108709741  [KO:K07187]
108709817  prkag1.S; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
108709932  foxo1.S; forkhead box protein O1-like [KO:K07201]
108710242  [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
108710984  [KO:K03259]
108711062  socs2.L; suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04695]
108711133  ppp1r3a.L; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A [KO:K07189]
108711183  prkar2b.L; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04739]
108711398  shc4.L; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
108711504  mapk10.L; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 L homeolog isoform 1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108711508  calml4.L; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
108711534  hkdc1.L; hexokinase-2 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
108711677  prkaca.L; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, alpha catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108711777  [KO:K03259]
108711802  irs2.L; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
108712318  shc4.S; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
108712520  krasl.S; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
108712732  gck.S; hexokinase-4 [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
108712774  hkdc1.S; hexokinase-2 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
108712798  calml4.S; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
108712802  map2k1.S; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-like [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108713027  pik3r2.L; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108713113  ppp1r3a.S; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A [KO:K07189]
108713169  shc2.L; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
108713228  [KO:K03259]
108713229  hk2.S; hexokinase-2 isoform X1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
108713905  [KO:K02158]
108713966  pygb.L; glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
108714036  [KO:K07189]
108714128  phkb.L; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta-like [KO:K07190]
108714187  prkacb.L; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108714249  [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
108714672  prkar2a.L; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit [KO:K04739]
108714850  [KO:K17448]
108714865  ppp1r3e.L; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3E [KO:K07189]
108715012  [KO:K04694]
108715151  [KO:K02158]
108715307  [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
108715382  [KO:K07189]
108715481  phkb.S; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X3 [KO:K07190]
108715541  [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
108715545  ptprf.S; receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F isoform X8 [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
108715603  [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
108715739  prkab2.S; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
108715882  prkar2a.S; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit [KO:K04739]
108715919  prkab1.L; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
108716422  [KO:K07194]
108716660  sos1.L; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
108717120  pik3cb.L; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108717671  ppp1cb.S; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
108717736  rhoq.S; rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ [KO:K07194]
108717808  sos1.S; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
108718046  MGC89871.S; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 [KO:K03259]
108718090  pik3ca.S; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108718134  [KO:K16172]
108718190  pik3cb.S; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108718729  prkag2.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K07200]
108719819  [KO:K07208]
373752  pik3ca.L; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
373768  prkcz.L; protein kinase C zeta type isoform X1 [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
373780  phkg1.S; phosphorylase kinase, gamma 1 (muscle) S homeolog [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
378602  gck.L; glucokinase (hexokinase 4) L homeolog [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
378695  ins.L; insulin-2 precursor [KO:K04526]
378696  ins.S; insulin-1 precursor [KO:K04526]
379290  g6pc1.2.S; glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 1, gene 2 S homeolog [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
379637  pck1.S; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 S homeolog [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
379783  akt2.L; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase A [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
379844  pck1.L; cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
379852  g6pc1.1.L; glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 1, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
379862  pygm.L; brain glycogen phosphorylase [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
379863  rps6.L; ribosomal protein S6 L homeolog [KO:K02991]
379876  mapk8.L; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
379914  ppp1ca.L; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme L homeolog [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
379990  flot2.L; flotillin 2 L homeolog [KO:K07192]
379991  map2k1.L; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
380124  prkag3.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 3 non-catatlytic subunit [KO:K07200]
380186  rheb.L; Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding L homeolog [KO:K07208]
380220  fbp1.L; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
380281  rps6.S; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
380372  prkab2.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 2 non-catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K07199]
380388  prkacb.S; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta S homeolog [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
380467  socs3.S; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 S homeolog [KO:K04696]
380558  calm2.S; calmodulin-2 A [KO:K02183]
380598  ppp1cc.S; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit B [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
387327  mknk1.S; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
394276  rps6kb1.S; ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 S homeolog [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
394323  hk1.L; hexokinase 1 L homeolog [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
394347  rps6kb1.L; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
397767  ppp1cc.L; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit A [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
397771  kras.L; kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog L homeolog [KO:K07827]
397785  mapk1.L; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
397857  raf1.S; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
398006  insr.L; insulin receptor precursor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
398160  ptprf.L; protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F L homeolog precursor [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
398194  cbl.L; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL isoform X1 [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
398430  flot1.S; flotillin 1 S homeolog [KO:K07192]
398431  flot1.L; flotillin 1 L homeolog [KO:K07192]
398499  mapk8.S; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
398854  g6pc1.3.L; uncharacterized protein LOC398854 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
398855  g6pc1.2.L; glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 1, gene 2 L homeolog [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
398892  araf.L; A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase L homeolog [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
398951  crk.L; adapter molecule crk [KO:K04438]
398958  prkag2.S; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K07200]
398967  pklr.L; pyruvate kinase L/R L homeolog [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
398973  braf.S; B-Raf [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
398985  mapk1.S; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
399056  araf.S; A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase S homeolog [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
399068  mknk2.L; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
399097  gsk3b.L; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
399170  akt1.S; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
399172  prkaa2.S; protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
399198  shc1.L; SHC-transforming protein 1 [KO:K06279]
399202  pik3r1.S; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
399255  eif4e1b.S; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E [KO:K03259]
399259  calm2.L; calmodulin-2 B [KO:K02183]
399287  prkci.L; protein kinase C iota L homeolog [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
399299  irs1.L; insulin receptor substrate 1-A [KO:K16172]
399388  irs4.S; insulin receptor substrate 2-A [KO:K07187]
399406  hras.L; Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog L homeolog [KO:K02833]
399424  pck2.L; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial) L homeolog [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
399446  nras.L; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
399458  grb2.L; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-A [KO:K04364]
414533  socs3.L; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 L homeolog [KO:K04696]
414569  crkl.S; uncharacterized protein LOC414569 [KO:K04438]
414594  prkar2b.S; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory subunit type II beta S homeolog [KO:K04739]
414616  ppp1r3c.2.L; uncharacterized protein LOC414616 [KO:K07189]
431829  cblb.S; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B-B [KO:K22517] [EC:2.3.2.27]
431912  gys2.L; glycogen [starch] synthase, liver [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
432134  pygm.S; uncharacterized protein LOC432134 [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
432155  prkar1a.L; cAMP-dependent protein kinase, regulatory subunit alpha 1 [KO:K04739]
432172  akt2.S; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase B [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
432200  ikbkb.L; inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta L homeolog [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
443852  ppp1cb.L; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
443854  cblb.L; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B-A [KO:K22517] [EC:2.3.2.27]
443921  socs1.S; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 S homeolog [KO:K04694]
443944  ppp1r3b.S; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B-B [KO:K07189]
443964  pik3r1.L; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 L homeolog [KO:K02649]
443998  prkab1.S; protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit S homeolog [KO:K07199]
444033  slc2a4.L; solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 L homeolog [KO:K07191]
444095  grb2.S; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2-B [KO:K04364]
444199  rapgef1.S; Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 S homeolog [KO:K06277]
444329  ppp1r3c.1.L; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 3C, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K07189]
444397  prkag1.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K07200]
444514  ptpn1.L; protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 L homeolog [KO:K05696] [EC:3.1.3.48]
444529  pdpk1.L; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 L homeolog [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
444805  prkar1a.S; protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha S homeolog [KO:K04739]
444991  foxo1.L; forkhead box protein O1 [KO:K07201]
446643  ppp1r3c.1.S; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C [KO:K07189]
446786  pik3r3.S; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 S homeolog [KO:K02649]
447268  braf.L; B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase L homeolog [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
447419  crkl.L; v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like L homeolog [KO:K04438]
447506  g6pc1.1.S; glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit 1, gene 1 S homeolog [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
447532  inpp5a.1.S; inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A S homeolog [KO:K01106] [EC:3.1.3.56]
447594  pik3r3.L; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 L homeolog [KO:K02649]
494832  pygl.S; liver glycogen phosphorylase [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
495290  prkaa1.L; protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit L homeolog [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
495836  irs4.L; insulin receptor substrate 2-B [KO:K07187]
496104  pde3b.L; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
496328  phkg2.L; phosphorylase kinase, gamma 2 (testis) L homeolog [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
606721  calm1.S; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
734259  eif4e.L; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E L homeolog [KO:K03259]
734276  socs2.S; suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 S homeolog [KO:K04695]
734374  ppp1r3c.2.S; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C gene 2 S homeolog [KO:K07189]
734605  eif4e2.L; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 2 L homeolog [KO:K03259]
734669  MGC89871.L; uncharacterized protein LOC734669 [KO:K03259]
735066  ppp1r3b.L; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B-A [KO:K07189]
779029  fbp1.S; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
779056  [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00369  Starch
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:14635525
  Authors
Ogawa W, Kasuga M.
  Title
[Mechanism of insulin action and diabetes mellitus]
  Journal
Seikagaku 75:1332-44 (2003)
Reference
PMID:11282018
  Authors
Bevan P.
  Title
Insulin signalling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 114:1429-30 (2001)
Reference
PMID:12867054
  Authors
Kanzaki M, Pessin JE.
  Title
Insulin signaling: GLUT4 vesicles exit via the exocyst.
  Journal
Curr Biol 13:R574-6 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00478-0
Reference
PMID:10196204
  Authors
Moodie SA, Alleman-Sposeto J, Gustafson TA.
  Title
Identification of the APS protein as a novel insulin receptor substrate.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 274:11186-93 (1999)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.16.11186
Reference
PMID:15733744
  Authors
Gual P, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF.
  Title
Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling through IRS-1 phosphorylation.
  Journal
Biochimie 87:99-109 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2004.10.019
Reference
PMID:9748166
  Authors
Le Good JA, Ziegler WH, Parekh DB, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Parker PJ.
  Title
Protein kinase C isotypes controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase through the protein kinase PDK1.
  Journal
Science 281:2042-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1126/science.281.5385.2042
Reference
PMID:11742412
  Authors
Saltiel AR, Kahn CR.
  Title
Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
  Journal
Nature 414:799-806 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/414799a
Reference
PMID:15624019
  Authors
Inoki K, Corradetti MN, Guan KL.
  Title
Dysregulation of the TSC-mTOR pathway in human disease.
  Journal
Nat Genet 37:19-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/ng1494
Reference
PMID:16288289
  Authors
Ruggero D, Sonenberg N.
  Title
The Akt of translational control.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:7426-34 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209098
Reference
PMID:10567225
  Authors
Nave BT, Ouwens M, Withers DJ, Alessi DR, Shepherd PR.
  Title
Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B: identification of a convergence point for opposing effects of insulin and amino-acid deficiency on protein translation.
  Journal
Biochem J 344 Pt 2:427-31 (1999)
DOI:10.1042/bj3440427
Reference
PMID:9445476
  Authors
Pullen N, Dennis PB, Andjelkovic M, Dufner A, Kozma SC, Hemmings BA, Thomas G.
  Title
Phosphorylation and activation of p70s6k by PDK1.
  Journal
Science 279:707-10 (1998)
DOI:10.1126/science.279.5351.707
Reference
PMID:9609110
  Authors
Ogawa W, Matozaki T, Kasuga M.
  Title
Role of binding proteins to IRS-1 in insulin signalling.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biochem 182:13-22 (1998)
Reference
PMID:9609111
  Authors
Ceresa BP, Pessin JE.
  Title
Insulin regulation of the Ras activation/inactivation cycle.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biochem 182:23-9 (1998)
Reference
PMID:15229476
  Authors
Pollak MN, Schernhammer ES, Hankinson SE.
  Title
Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 4:505-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1387
Reference
PMID:9346240
  Authors
Datta SR, Dudek H, Tao X, Masters S, Fu H, Gotoh Y, Greenberg ME.
  Title
Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery.
  Journal
Cell 91:231-41 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80405-5
Reference
PMID:17344645
  Authors
Ferre P, Foufelle F
  Title
SREBP-1c transcription factor and lipid homeostasis: clinical perspective.
  Journal
Horm Res 68:72-82 (2007)
DOI:10.1159/000100426
Reference
PMID:18291668
  Authors
Raghow R, Yellaturu C, Deng X, Park EA, Elam MB
  Title
SREBPs: the crossroads of physiological and pathological lipid homeostasis.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 19:65-73 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2007.10.009
Reference
PMID:11343120
  Authors
Clement S, Krause U, Desmedt F, Tanti JF, Behrends J, Pesesse X, Sasaki T, Penninger J, Doherty M, Malaisse W, Dumont JE, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Erneux C, Hue L, Schurmans S
  Title
The lipid phosphatase SHIP2 controls insulin sensitivity.
  Journal
Nature 409:92-7 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35051094
Reference
PMID:12791379
  Authors
Backers K, Blero D, Paternotte N, Zhang J, Erneux C
  Title
The termination of PI3K signalling by SHIP1 and SHIP2 inositol 5-phosphatases.
  Journal
Adv Enzyme Regul 43:15-28 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-2571(02)00043-2
Related
pathway
xla00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
xla00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
xla00500  Starch and sucrose metabolism
xla04010  MAPK signaling pathway
xla04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
xla04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04910   

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