Entry Name Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway - Xenopus tropicalis (tropical clawed frog)
Description Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified sensor of cytosolic DNA which activates the IRF and NF-{kappa}B transcription factors, leading to production of type I interferon and other cytokines. The second type of cytoplasmic DNA sensor is AIM2. Upon sensing DNA, AIM2 triggers the assembly of the inflammasome, culminating in interleukin maturation. In addition to these receptors, there is a mechanism to sense foreign DNA, with the host RNA polymerase III converting the DNA into RNA for recognition by the RNA sensor RIG-I. These pathways provide various means to alert the cell.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Organism Xenopus tropicalis (tropical clawed frog) [GN:
xtr ]
Gene 100127616 polr3gl; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC7-like [KO:K03024 ]
100379802 polr1c; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 isoform X1 [KO:K03027 ]
100485800 polr3g; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC7 isoform X1 [KO:K03024 ]
100485829 mavs; mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X1 [KO:K12648 ]
100486083 nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
100495369 polr1d.2; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC2 isoform X2 [KO:K03020 ]
100498574 samhd1; deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 [KO:K22544 ] [EC:3.1.5.-]
394944 polr3f; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC6 [KO:K03025 ]
448728 polr2f; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC2 [KO:K03014 ]
548520 polr3k; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC10 [KO:K03019 ]
548867 polr2h; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 [KO:K03016 ]
549097 polr2l.1; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 [KO:K03007 ]
549227 polr2e; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 [KO:K03013 ]
549263 polr2k; DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC4 [KO:K03009 ]
550100 polr3d; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4 [KO:K03026 ]
734135 polr2l.2; polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide L, 7.6kDa, gene 2 [KO:K03007 ]
779851 polr3h; DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC8 [KO:K03022 ]
Compound Reference Authors Yanai H, Savitsky D, Tamura T, Taniguchi T
Title Regulation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing system in innate immunity: a current view.
Journal Reference Authors Vilaysane A, Muruve DA
Title The innate immune response to DNA.
Journal Reference Authors Takeshita F, Ishii KJ
Title Intracellular DNA sensors in immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Takaoka A, Shinohara S
Title DNA sensors in innate immune system.
Journal Reference Authors Takaoka A, Taniguchi T
Title Cytosolic DNA recognition for triggering innate immune responses.
Journal Reference Authors Kaiser WJ, Upton JW, Mocarski ES
Title Receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif-dependent control of NF-kappa B activation via the DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors.
Journal Reference Authors Rebsamen M, Heinz LX, Meylan E, Michallet MC, Schroder K, Hofmann K, Vazquez J, Benedict CA, Tschopp J
Title DAI/ZBP1 recruits RIP1 and RIP3 through RIP homotypic interaction motifs to activate NF-kappaB.
Journal Reference Authors Wang Z, Choi MK, Ban T, Yanai H, Negishi H, Lu Y, Tamura T, Takaoka A, Nishikura K, Taniguchi T
Title Regulation of innate immune responses by DAI (DLM-1/ZBP1) and other DNA-sensing molecules.
Journal Reference Authors Stetson DB, Ko JS, Heidmann T, Medzhitov R
Title Trex1 prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity.
Journal Reference Authors Schroder K, Muruve DA, Tschopp J
Title Innate immunity: cytoplasmic DNA sensing by the AIM2 inflammasome.
Journal Reference Authors Krieg AM
Title AIMing 2 detect foreign DNA.
Journal Reference Authors O'Neill LA
Title DNA makes RNA makes innate immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Ishii KJ, Coban C, Kato H, Takahashi K, Torii Y, Takeshita F, Ludwig H, Sutter G, Suzuki K, Hemmi H, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Kawai T, Takeuchi O, Akira S
Title A Toll-like receptor-independent antiviral response induced by double-stranded B-form DNA.
Journal Reference Authors Cao X
Title New DNA-sensing pathway feeds RIG-I with RNA.
Journal Reference Authors Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ
Title Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Gao M, He Y, Tang H, Chen X, Liu S, Tao Y
Title cGAS/STING: novel perspectives of the classic pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Benjamin P, Sudhakar S, D'Arco F, Lobel U, Carney O, Roux CJ, Boddaert N, Hemingway C, Eleftheriou D, Mankad K
Title Spectrum of Neuroradiologic Findings Associated with Monogenic Interferonopathies.
Journal Reference Authors Place DE, Lee S, Kanneganti TD
Title PANoptosis in microbial infection.
Journal Reference Authors Jiang W, Deng Z, Dai X, Zhao W
Title PANoptosis: A New Insight Into Oral Infectious Diseases.
Journal Reference Authors Wang Y, Kanneganti TD
Title From pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis to PANoptosis: A mechanistic compendium of programmed cell death pathways.
Journal Related xtr04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
xtr04622 RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway 
