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Startle

MedGen UID:
1718488
•Concept ID:
C5238871
•
Sign or Symptom

Definition

A quick involuntary movement in response to an alarm, surprise, or fright. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVStartle

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Stiff person spectrum disorder diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and suggested diagnostic criteria.
Chia NH, McKeon A, Dalakas MC, Flanagan EP, Bower JH, Klassen BT, Dubey D, Zalewski NL, Duffy D, Pittock SJ, Zekeridou A
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023 Jul;10(7):1083-1094. Epub 2023 May 22 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51791. PMID: 37212351Free PMC Article
Treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of genome editing agents.
Gao X, Tao Y, Lamas V, Huang M, Yeh WH, Pan B, Hu YJ, Hu JH, Thompson DB, Shu Y, Li Y, Wang H, Yang S, Xu Q, Polley DB, Liberman MC, Kong WJ, Holt JR, Chen ZY, Liu DR
Nature 2018 Jan 11;553(7687):217-221. Epub 2017 Dec 20 doi: 10.1038/nature25164. PMID: 29258297Free PMC Article
PURA syndrome: clinical delineation and genotype-phenotype study in 32 individuals with review of published literature.
Reijnders MRF, Janowski R, Alvi M, Self JE, van Essen TJ, Vreeburg M, Rouhl RPW, Stevens SJC, Stegmann APA, Schieving J, Pfundt R, van Dijk K, Smeets E, Stumpel CTRM, Bok LA, Cobben JM, Engelen M, Mansour S, Whiteford M, Chandler KE, Douzgou S, Cooper NS, Tan EC, Foo R, Lai AHM, Rankin J, Green A, Lönnqvist T, Isohanni P, Williams S, Ruhoy I, Carvalho KS, Dowling JJ, Lev DL, Sterbova K, Lassuthova P, Neupauerová J, Waugh JL, Keros S, Clayton-Smith J, Smithson SF, Brunner HG, van Hoeckel C, Anderson M, Clowes VE, Siu VM, Ddd Study T, Selber P, Leventer RJ, Nellaker C, Niessing D, Hunt D, Baralle D
J Med Genet 2018 Feb;55(2):104-113. Epub 2017 Nov 2 doi: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104946. PMID: 29097605Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Advances in hyperekplexia and other startle syndromes.
Zhan FX, Wang SG, Cao L
Neurol Sci 2021 Oct;42(10):4095-4107. Epub 2021 Aug 11 doi: 10.1007/s10072-021-05493-8. PMID: 34379238
Animal Models of Tinnitus: A Review.
Galazyuk A, Brozoski TJ
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020 Aug;53(4):469-480. Epub 2020 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.001. PMID: 32327193Free PMC Article
Exaggerated startle reactions.
Dreissen YE, Bakker MJ, Koelman JH, Tijssen MA
Clin Neurophysiol 2012 Jan;123(1):34-44. Epub 2011 Oct 26 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.09.022. PMID: 22033030
Startle syndromes.
Bhidayasiri R, Truong DD
Handb Clin Neurol 2011;100:421-30. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00032-X. PMID: 21496599
Startle syndromes.
Bakker MJ, van Dijk JG, van den Maagdenberg AM, Tijssen MA
Lancet Neurol 2006 Jun;5(6):513-24. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70470-7. PMID: 16713923

Diagnosis

Hyperekplexia and other startle syndromes.
Saini AG, Pandey S
J Neurol Sci 2020 Sep 15;416:117051. Epub 2020 Jul 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117051. PMID: 32721683
Assessing anxiety in nonhuman primates.
Coleman K, Pierre PJ
ILAR J 2014;55(2):333-46. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilu019. PMID: 25225310Free PMC Article
Startle syndromes.
Bhidayasiri R, Truong DD
Handb Clin Neurol 2011;100:421-30. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52014-2.00032-X. PMID: 21496599
Startle and its disorders.
Meinck HM
Neurophysiol Clin 2006 Sep-Dec;36(5-6):357-64. Epub 2007 Jan 26 doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2006.12.007. PMID: 17336782
Startle syndromes.
Bakker MJ, van Dijk JG, van den Maagdenberg AM, Tijssen MA
Lancet Neurol 2006 Jun;5(6):513-24. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70470-7. PMID: 16713923

Therapy

Central stress response among deprived and continuing marijuana users and nonusers.
Fronk GE, Hefner K, Gloria R, Curtin JJ
Psychol Addict Behav 2022 Dec;36(8):1023-1035. Epub 2022 Feb 24 doi: 10.1037/adb0000821. PMID: 35201806
Animal Models of Tinnitus: A Review.
Galazyuk A, Brozoski TJ
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020 Aug;53(4):469-480. Epub 2020 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.001. PMID: 32327193Free PMC Article
Exaggerated Startle.
Zuccarelli BD, Heshmati A
Pediatr Neurol 2016 Jan;54:97-8. Epub 2015 Sep 5 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.08.007. PMID: 26493736
Startle reactivity and anxiety disorders: aversive conditioning, context, and neurobiology.
Grillon C
Biol Psychiatry 2002 Nov 15;52(10):958-75. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01665-7. PMID: 12437937
Women and traumatic events.
Foa EB, Street GP
J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62 Suppl 17:29-34. PMID: 11495093

Prognosis

Measuring human trace fear conditioning.
Wehrli JM, Xia Y, Gerster S, Bach DR
Psychophysiology 2022 Dec;59(12):e14119. Epub 2022 Jun 8 doi: 10.1111/psyp.14119. PMID: 35675529Free PMC Article
Anxiety and initial value dependence in startle habituation.
Faunce JA, Blumenthal TD, Waugh CE
Psychophysiology 2022 Oct;59(10):e14071. Epub 2022 Apr 12 doi: 10.1111/psyp.14071. PMID: 35415921Free PMC Article
Temporal binding and agency under startle.
Scott M, Chiu C
Exp Brain Res 2021 Jan;239(1):289-300. Epub 2020 Nov 9 doi: 10.1007/s00221-020-05972-y. PMID: 33165671
Using Event-Related Potentials and Startle to Evaluate Time Course in Anxiety and Depression.
Klumpp H, Shankman SA
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2018 Jan;3(1):10-18. Epub 2017 Sep 20 doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.004. PMID: 29397073Free PMC Article
Translational value of startle modulations.
Fendt M, Koch M
Cell Tissue Res 2013 Oct;354(1):287-95. Epub 2013 Mar 23 doi: 10.1007/s00441-013-1599-5. PMID: 23525740

Clinical prediction guides

Acute stress and PTSD among trauma-exposed children and adolescents: Computational prediction and interpretation.
Zhang J, Sami S, Meiser-Stedman R
J Anxiety Disord 2022 Dec;92:102642. Epub 2022 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102642. PMID: 36356479
Measuring human trace fear conditioning.
Wehrli JM, Xia Y, Gerster S, Bach DR
Psychophysiology 2022 Dec;59(12):e14119. Epub 2022 Jun 8 doi: 10.1111/psyp.14119. PMID: 35675529Free PMC Article
Anxiety and initial value dependence in startle habituation.
Faunce JA, Blumenthal TD, Waugh CE
Psychophysiology 2022 Oct;59(10):e14071. Epub 2022 Apr 12 doi: 10.1111/psyp.14071. PMID: 35415921Free PMC Article
Temporal binding and agency under startle.
Scott M, Chiu C
Exp Brain Res 2021 Jan;239(1):289-300. Epub 2020 Nov 9 doi: 10.1007/s00221-020-05972-y. PMID: 33165671
Startle and the StartReact Effect: Physiological Mechanisms.
Carlsen AN, Maslovat D
J Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Nov;36(6):452-459. doi: 10.1097/WNP.0000000000000582. PMID: 31688329

Recent systematic reviews

Auditory processing in rodent models of autism: a systematic review.
Wilde M, Constantin L, Thorne PR, Montgomery JM, Scott EK, Cheyne JE
J Neurodev Disord 2022 Aug 30;14(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09458-6. PMID: 36042393Free PMC Article
Hereditary Hyperekplexia: A New Family and a Systematic Review of GLRA1 Gene-Related Phenotypes.
Ferraroli E, Perulli M, Veredice C, Contaldo I, Quintiliani M, Ricci M, Venezia I, Citrigno L, Qualtieri A, Spadafora P, Cavalcanti F, Battaglia DI
Pediatr Neurol 2022 Jul;132:45-49. Epub 2022 May 17 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.05.002. PMID: 35636282
The startle reflex as an indicator of psychopathic personality from childhood to adulthood: A systematic review.
Oskarsson S, Patrick CJ, Siponen R, Bertoldi BM, Evans B, Tuvblad C
Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021 Oct;220:103427. Epub 2021 Oct 12 doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103427. PMID: 34628215
Affective startle modulation and psychopathology: Implications for appetitive and defensive brain systems.
Boecker L, Pauli P
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019 Aug;103:230-266. Epub 2019 May 23 doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.019. PMID: 31129237
Classical Conditioning Differences Associated With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.
Harvie DS, Moseley GL, Hillier SL, Meulders A
J Pain 2017 Aug;18(8):889-898. Epub 2017 Apr 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.430. PMID: 28385510

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