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Primary insomnia

MedGen UID:
18633
•Concept ID:
C0033139
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Insomnia, Primary; Primary Insomnia
SNOMED CT: Primary insomnia (3972004)

Definition

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep; this difficulty does not occur in the context of another sleep disorder and is not etiologically linked to a mental disorder, substance use, or a general medical condition. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPrimary insomnia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of insomnia - effect of trazodone and hypnotics on sleep.
Wichniak A, Wierzbicka AE, Jarema M
Psychiatr Pol 2021 Aug 31;55(4):743-755. doi: 10.12740/PP/125650. PMID: 34994734
Non-pharmacological Approaches for Management of Insomnia.
Chan NY, Chan JWY, Li SX, Wing YK
Neurotherapeutics 2021 Jan;18(1):32-43. Epub 2021 Apr 5 doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01029-2. PMID: 33821446Free PMC Article
Deprescribing benzodiazepine receptor agonists: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline.
Pottie K, Thompson W, Davies S, Grenier J, Sadowski CA, Welch V, Holbrook A, Boyd C, Swenson R, Ma A, Farrell B
Can Fam Physician 2018 May;64(5):339-351. PMID: 29760253Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Yue JL, Chang XW, Zheng JW, Shi L, Xiang YJ, Que JY, Yuan K, Deng JH, Teng T, Li YY, Sun W, Sun HQ, Vitiello MV, Tang XD, Zhou XY, Bao YP, Shi J, Lu L
Sleep Med Rev 2023 Apr;68:101746. Epub 2023 Jan 14 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101746. PMID: 36701954
Melatonin in sleep disorders.
Poza JJ, Pujol M, Ortega-Albás JJ, Romero O; Insomnia Study Group of the Spanish Sleep Society (SES)
Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2022 Sep;37(7):575-585. Epub 2020 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.08.004. PMID: 36064286
Treatment of insomnia - effect of trazodone and hypnotics on sleep.
Wichniak A, Wierzbicka AE, Jarema M
Psychiatr Pol 2021 Aug 31;55(4):743-755. doi: 10.12740/PP/125650. PMID: 34994734
Quetiapine for primary insomnia: Consider the risks.
Modesto-Lowe V, Harabasz AK, Walker SA
Cleve Clin J Med 2021 May 3;88(5):286-294. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.88a.20031. PMID: 33941603
Non-pharmacological Approaches for Management of Insomnia.
Chan NY, Chan JWY, Li SX, Wing YK
Neurotherapeutics 2021 Jan;18(1):32-43. Epub 2021 Apr 5 doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01029-2. PMID: 33821446Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Yue JL, Chang XW, Zheng JW, Shi L, Xiang YJ, Que JY, Yuan K, Deng JH, Teng T, Li YY, Sun W, Sun HQ, Vitiello MV, Tang XD, Zhou XY, Bao YP, Shi J, Lu L
Sleep Med Rev 2023 Apr;68:101746. Epub 2023 Jan 14 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101746. PMID: 36701954
Insomnia.
Sutton EL
Med Clin North Am 2014 May;98(3):565-81. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.01.008. PMID: 24758961
The hyperarousal model of insomnia: a review of the concept and its evidence.
Riemann D, Spiegelhalder K, Feige B, Voderholzer U, Berger M, Perlis M, Nissen C
Sleep Med Rev 2010 Feb;14(1):19-31. Epub 2009 May 28 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2009.04.002. PMID: 19481481
Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia.
Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, Riemann D, Hohagen F
J Psychosom Res 2002 Sep;53(3):737-40. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00330-6. PMID: 12217446
Insomnia.
Hauri PJ, Esther MS
Mayo Clin Proc 1990 Jun;65(6):869-82. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62578-6. PMID: 2195248

Therapy

Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Yue JL, Chang XW, Zheng JW, Shi L, Xiang YJ, Que JY, Yuan K, Deng JH, Teng T, Li YY, Sun W, Sun HQ, Vitiello MV, Tang XD, Zhou XY, Bao YP, Shi J, Lu L
Sleep Med Rev 2023 Apr;68:101746. Epub 2023 Jan 14 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101746. PMID: 36701954
Melatonin in sleep disorders.
Poza JJ, Pujol M, Ortega-Albás JJ, Romero O; Insomnia Study Group of the Spanish Sleep Society (SES)
Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2022 Sep;37(7):575-585. Epub 2020 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.08.004. PMID: 36064286
Orexin Receptor Antagonists and Insomnia.
Wu X, Xue T, Chen Z, Wang Z, Chen G
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022 Oct;24(10):509-521. Epub 2022 Aug 16 doi: 10.1007/s11920-022-01357-w. PMID: 35972717
Treatment of insomnia - effect of trazodone and hypnotics on sleep.
Wichniak A, Wierzbicka AE, Jarema M
Psychiatr Pol 2021 Aug 31;55(4):743-755. doi: 10.12740/PP/125650. PMID: 34994734
Quetiapine for primary insomnia: Consider the risks.
Modesto-Lowe V, Harabasz AK, Walker SA
Cleve Clin J Med 2021 May 3;88(5):286-294. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.88a.20031. PMID: 33941603

Prognosis

Treatment of insomnia - effect of trazodone and hypnotics on sleep.
Wichniak A, Wierzbicka AE, Jarema M
Psychiatr Pol 2021 Aug 31;55(4):743-755. doi: 10.12740/PP/125650. PMID: 34994734
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment on primary insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.
Yin X, Gou M, Xu J, Dong B, Yin P, Masquelin F, Wu J, Lao L, Xu S
Sleep Med 2017 Sep;37:193-200. Epub 2017 Mar 8 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.02.012. PMID: 28899535
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and sleep disorders.
Calandra-Buonaura G, Provini F, Guaraldi P, Plazzi G, Cortelli P
Sleep Med Rev 2016 Apr;26:43-56. Epub 2015 Jun 3 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.05.005. PMID: 26146026
Human physiological models of insomnia.
Richardson GS
Sleep Med 2007 Dec;8 Suppl 4:S9-14. doi: 10.1016/S1389-9457(08)70003-0. PMID: 18346677
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for primary insomnia.
Edinger JD, Means MK
Clin Psychol Rev 2005 Jul;25(5):539-58. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.003. PMID: 15951083

Clinical prediction guides

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment on primary insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.
Yin X, Gou M, Xu J, Dong B, Yin P, Masquelin F, Wu J, Lao L, Xu S
Sleep Med 2017 Sep;37:193-200. Epub 2017 Mar 8 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.02.012. PMID: 28899535
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and sleep disorders.
Calandra-Buonaura G, Provini F, Guaraldi P, Plazzi G, Cortelli P
Sleep Med Rev 2016 Apr;26:43-56. Epub 2015 Jun 3 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.05.005. PMID: 26146026
Aerobic exercise improves self-reported sleep and quality of life in older adults with insomnia.
Reid KJ, Baron KG, Lu B, Naylor E, Wolfe L, Zee PC
Sleep Med 2010 Oct;11(9):934-40. Epub 2010 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.04.014. PMID: 20813580Free PMC Article
Test-retest reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in primary insomnia.
Backhaus J, Junghanns K, Broocks A, Riemann D, Hohagen F
J Psychosom Res 2002 Sep;53(3):737-40. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00330-6. PMID: 12217446
Psychometric assessment of subjective sleep quality using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) in psychiatric disordered and control subjects.
Doi Y, Minowa M, Uchiyama M, Okawa M, Kim K, Shibui K, Kamei Y
Psychiatry Res 2000 Dec 27;97(2-3):165-72. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00232-8. PMID: 11166088

Recent systematic reviews

Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Yue JL, Chang XW, Zheng JW, Shi L, Xiang YJ, Que JY, Yuan K, Deng JH, Teng T, Li YY, Sun W, Sun HQ, Vitiello MV, Tang XD, Zhou XY, Bao YP, Shi J, Lu L
Sleep Med Rev 2023 Apr;68:101746. Epub 2023 Jan 14 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101746. PMID: 36701954
The efficacy and safety of dual orexin receptor antagonists in primary insomnia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Xue T, Wu X, Chen S, Yang Y, Yan Z, Song Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang Z
Sleep Med Rev 2022 Feb;61:101573. Epub 2021 Nov 26 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101573. PMID: 34902823
Comparative efficacy of lemborexant and other insomnia treatments: a network meta-analysis.
McElroy H, O'Leary B, Adena M, Campbell R, Monfared AAT, Meier G
J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2021 Sep;27(9):1296-1308. Epub 2021 Jun 12 doi: 10.18553/jmcp.2021.21011. PMID: 34121443Free PMC Article
Suvorexant for the treatment of primary insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kuriyama A, Tabata H
Sleep Med Rev 2017 Oct;35:1-7. Epub 2016 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.09.004. PMID: 28365447
Suvorexant for Primary Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.
Kishi T, Matsunaga S, Iwata N
PLoS One 2015;10(8):e0136910. Epub 2015 Aug 28 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136910. PMID: 26317363Free PMC Article

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