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Swan neck-like deformities of the fingers

MedGen UID:
336516
Concept ID:
C1849152
Finding
HPO: HP:0006150

Definition

A swan neck deformity describes a finger with a hyperextended PIP joint and a flexed DIP joint. The most common cause for a swan neck-like deformity is a disruption of the end of the extensor tendon. Conditions that loosen the PIP joint and allow it to hyperextend, for example conditions that weaken the volar plate, can produce a swan neck deformity of the finger. One example is rheumatoid arthritis. Another cause are conditions that tighten up the small (intrinsic) muscles of the hand and fingers, for example hand trauma or nerve disorders, such as cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, or stroke. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • Swan neck-like deformities of the fingers

Conditions with this feature

Rheumatoid arthritis
MedGen UID:
2078
Concept ID:
C0003873
Disease or Syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease, primarily of the joints, with autoimmune features and a complex genetic component.
Charlevoix-Saguenay spastic ataxia
MedGen UID:
338620
Concept ID:
C1849140
Disease or Syndrome
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is clinically characterized by a progressive cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and spasticity. Disease onset of classic ARSACS is often in early childhood, leading to delayed walking because of gait unsteadiness in very young toddlers, while an increasing number of individuals with disease onset in teenage or early-adult years are now being described. Typically the ataxia is followed by lower-limb spasticity and later by peripheral neuropathy – although pronounced peripheral neuropathy has been observed as a first sign of ARSACS. Oculomotor disturbances, dysarthria, and upper-limb ataxia develop with slower progression than the other findings. Brain imaging demonstrates atrophy of the superior vermis and the cerebellar hemisphere with additional findings on MRI, such as linear hypointensities in the pons and hyperintense rims around the thalami. Many affected individuals (though not all) have yellow streaks of hypermyelinated fibers radiating from the edges of the optic disc noted on ophthalmologic exam, and thickened retinal fibers can be demonstrated by optical coherence tomography. Mild intellectual disability, hearing loss, and urinary urgency and incontinence have been reported in some individuals.
Chromosome 15q11.2 deletion syndrome
MedGen UID:
467404
Concept ID:
C3180937
Disease or Syndrome
A heterozygous deletion of chromosome 15q11.2 may increase the susceptibility to neuropsychiatric or neurodevelopmental problems, including delayed psychomotor development, speech delay, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and possibly seizures (summary by Doornbos et al., 2009 and Burnside et al., 2011). See also chromosome 15q11.2 duplication syndrome (608636).
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 5
MedGen UID:
900333
Concept ID:
C4225237
Disease or Syndrome
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a peroxisomal disorder characterized by disproportionately short stature primarily affecting the proximal parts of the extremities, a typical facial appearance including a broad nasal bridge, epicanthus, high-arched palate, dysplastic external ears, and micrognathia, congenital contractures, characteristic ocular involvement, dwarfism, and severe mental retardation with spasticity. Biochemically, plasmalogen synthesis and phytanic acid alpha-oxidation are defective. Most patients die in the first decade of life (summary by Wanders and Waterham, 2005). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, see 215100.
Neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth and skeletal anomalies
MedGen UID:
1804653
Concept ID:
C5676990
Disease or Syndrome
Neurodevelopmental disorder with poor growth and skeletal anomalies (NEDGS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay and impaired intellectual development apparent from infancy. Affected individuals have hypotonia, delayed walking, poor or absent speech, and variable skeletal anomalies. More variable features include seizures, nonspecific dysmorphic facial features, oculomotor apraxia, and nonspecific brain imaging abnormalities (Iqbal et al., 2021).

Recent clinical studies

Diagnosis

Simon M, Campos-Xavier AB, Mittaz-Crettol L, Valadares ER, Carvalho D, Speck-Martins CE, Nampoothiri S, Alanay Y, Mihci E, van Bever Y, Garcia-Segarra N, Cavalcanti D, Mortier G, Bonafé L, Superti-Furga A
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2012 Aug 15;160C(3):230-7. Epub 2012 Jul 12 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31339. PMID: 22791571

Prognosis

Simon M, Campos-Xavier AB, Mittaz-Crettol L, Valadares ER, Carvalho D, Speck-Martins CE, Nampoothiri S, Alanay Y, Mihci E, van Bever Y, Garcia-Segarra N, Cavalcanti D, Mortier G, Bonafé L, Superti-Furga A
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2012 Aug 15;160C(3):230-7. Epub 2012 Jul 12 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31339. PMID: 22791571

Clinical prediction guides

Simon M, Campos-Xavier AB, Mittaz-Crettol L, Valadares ER, Carvalho D, Speck-Martins CE, Nampoothiri S, Alanay Y, Mihci E, van Bever Y, Garcia-Segarra N, Cavalcanti D, Mortier G, Bonafé L, Superti-Furga A
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2012 Aug 15;160C(3):230-7. Epub 2012 Jul 12 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31339. PMID: 22791571

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