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Brainstem dysplasia

MedGen UID:
383739
Concept ID:
C1855677
Congenital Abnormality; Finding
Synonyms: Brainstem hypoplasia/dysplasia; Dysplasia of the brainstem; Malformation of brainstem structures
 
HPO: HP:0002508

Definition

A developmental structural anomaly of the stalk-like part of the brain that comprises the midbrain (aka mesencephalon), the pons (aka pons Varolii), and the medulla oblongata, and connects the cerebral hemispheres with the cervical spinal cord. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Joubert syndrome 2
MedGen UID:
334114
Concept ID:
C1842577
Disease or Syndrome
Classic Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by three primary findings: A distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign (MTS). Hypotonia. Developmental delays. Often these findings are accompanied by episodic tachypnea or apnea and/or atypical eye movements. In general, the breathing abnormalities improve with age, truncal ataxia develops over time, and acquisition of gross motor milestones is delayed. Cognitive abilities are variable, ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal. Additional findings can include retinal dystrophy, renal disease, ocular colobomas, occipital encephalocele, hepatic fibrosis, polydactyly, oral hamartomas, and endocrine abnormalities. Both intra- and interfamilial variation are seen.
Joubert syndrome with oculorenal defect
MedGen UID:
340930
Concept ID:
C1855675
Disease or Syndrome
Classic Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by three primary findings: A distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign (MTS). Hypotonia. Developmental delays. Often these findings are accompanied by episodic tachypnea or apnea and/or atypical eye movements. In general, the breathing abnormalities improve with age, truncal ataxia develops over time, and acquisition of gross motor milestones is delayed. Cognitive abilities are variable, ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal. Additional findings can include retinal dystrophy, renal disease, ocular colobomas, occipital encephalocele, hepatic fibrosis, polydactyly, oral hamartomas, and endocrine abnormalities. Both intra- and interfamilial variation are seen.
Joubert syndrome 7
MedGen UID:
369401
Concept ID:
C1969053
Disease or Syndrome
Classic Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by three primary findings: A distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign (MTS). Hypotonia. Developmental delays. Often these findings are accompanied by episodic tachypnea or apnea and/or atypical eye movements. In general, the breathing abnormalities improve with age, truncal ataxia develops over time, and acquisition of gross motor milestones is delayed. Cognitive abilities are variable, ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal. Additional findings can include retinal dystrophy, renal disease, ocular colobomas, occipital encephalocele, hepatic fibrosis, polydactyly, oral hamartomas, and endocrine abnormalities. Both intra- and interfamilial variation are seen.
Joubert syndrome 1
MedGen UID:
1644883
Concept ID:
C4551568
Disease or Syndrome
Classic Joubert syndrome (JS) is characterized by three primary findings: A distinctive cerebellar and brain stem malformation called the molar tooth sign (MTS). Hypotonia. Developmental delays. Often these findings are accompanied by episodic tachypnea or apnea and/or atypical eye movements. In general, the breathing abnormalities improve with age, truncal ataxia develops over time, and acquisition of gross motor milestones is delayed. Cognitive abilities are variable, ranging from severe intellectual disability to normal. Additional findings can include retinal dystrophy, renal disease, ocular colobomas, occipital encephalocele, hepatic fibrosis, polydactyly, oral hamartomas, and endocrine abnormalities. Both intra- and interfamilial variation are seen.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Borkowski-Tillman T, Garcia-Rodriguez R, Viñals F, Branco M, Kradjen-Haratz K, Ben-Sira L, Lerman-Sagie T, Malinger G
Prenat Diagn 2020 May;40(6):674-680. Epub 2020 Mar 31 doi: 10.1002/pd.5663. PMID: 32037567
Poretti A, Boltshauser E, Doherty D
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2014 Jun;166C(2):211-26. Epub 2014 May 16 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31398. PMID: 24839100
Chen CP
Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2007 Mar;46(1):9-14. doi: 10.1016/S1028-4559(08)60100-X. PMID: 17389183

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Oegema R, Cushion TD, Phelps IG, Chung SK, Dempsey JC, Collins S, Mullins JG, Dudding T, Gill H, Green AJ, Dobyns WB, Ishak GE, Rees MI, Doherty D
Hum Mol Genet 2015 Sep 15;24(18):5313-25. Epub 2015 Jun 30 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv250. PMID: 26130693Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Uda D, Kondo H, Tanda K, Kizaki Z, Nishida M, Dai H, Itoh M
Neuropediatrics 2023 Jun;54(3):217-221. Epub 2022 May 31 doi: 10.1055/a-1865-6890. PMID: 35642300
Oegema R, Cushion TD, Phelps IG, Chung SK, Dempsey JC, Collins S, Mullins JG, Dudding T, Gill H, Green AJ, Dobyns WB, Ishak GE, Rees MI, Doherty D
Hum Mol Genet 2015 Sep 15;24(18):5313-25. Epub 2015 Jun 30 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv250. PMID: 26130693Free PMC Article
Hamaguchi H, Hashimoto T, Mori K, Tayama M, Fukuda K, Endo S, Hiura K
Neuropediatrics 1993 Dec;24(6):319-23. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1071564. PMID: 8133977

Prognosis

Oegema R, Cushion TD, Phelps IG, Chung SK, Dempsey JC, Collins S, Mullins JG, Dudding T, Gill H, Green AJ, Dobyns WB, Ishak GE, Rees MI, Doherty D
Hum Mol Genet 2015 Sep 15;24(18):5313-25. Epub 2015 Jun 30 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv250. PMID: 26130693Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Dobyns WB, Aldinger KA, Ishak GE, Mirzaa GM, Timms AE, Grout ME, Dremmen MHG, Schot R, Vandervore L, van Slegtenhorst MA, Wilke M, Kasteleijn E, Lee AS, Barry BJ, Chao KR, Szczałuba K, Kobori J, Hanson-Kahn A, Bernstein JA, Carr L, D'Arco F, Miyana K, Okazaki T, Saito Y, Sasaki M, Das S, Wheeler MM, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA; University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics; Center for Mendelian Genomics at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Engle EC, Verheijen FW, Doherty D, Mancini GMS
Am J Hum Genet 2018 Dec 6;103(6):1009-1021. Epub 2018 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.019. PMID: 30471716Free PMC Article
Oegema R, Cushion TD, Phelps IG, Chung SK, Dempsey JC, Collins S, Mullins JG, Dudding T, Gill H, Green AJ, Dobyns WB, Ishak GE, Rees MI, Doherty D
Hum Mol Genet 2015 Sep 15;24(18):5313-25. Epub 2015 Jun 30 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv250. PMID: 26130693Free PMC Article

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