Immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on the Purkinje cells from 21 autopsied fetal and early postnatal normal cerebella using a monoclonal antibody against the inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate type 1 receptor (IP3R1) as a cytochemical marker of Purkinje cells. In normal adult cerebella used as positive controls, the cell bodies, axons, and dendrites, including spiny branchlets of the Purkinje cells, were specifically stained by the antibody. In the fetal cerebella examined, the IP3R1 immunoreactivity was first detected in the soma of multilayered cells just beneath the molecular layer at 16 weeks of gestation. The IP3R1 immunoreactivity gradually increased in area of positive staining from soma to dendrites and spiny branchlets, and the dendritic outgrowth rapidly progressed during 6 months after birth. The Purkinje cell maturation was more advanced in the vermis than in the hemisphere, more in the posterior lobe than in the anterior lobe, and more at the bottom of the folia than at the top. Partial absence of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex was observed in three cases. Heterotopias including Purkinje cells were often noted in the cerebellar white matter in five cases.