Small cell lung carcinoma typically presents as a central endobronchial lesion in chronic cigarette smokers with hilar enlargement and disseminated disease. The diagnostic pathology should be reviewed by a pathologist accomplished in reading pulmonary pathology, and, if any doubt exists in the diagnosis, additional special stains or diagnostic material should be obtained. Patients with extensive stage disease should be managed by combination chemotherapy, whereas patients with limited stage disease should be treated with etoposide/cisplatin plus concurrent chest irradiation. The chemotherapy should be administered for 4 to 6 months and then should be discontinued. Prophylactic cranial irradiation should be given to patients who achieve a complete remission. Patients should be retreated with chemotherapy if they develop a relapse of their small cell lung cancer. The patients who are followed in complete remission should be observed carefully for second cancers, and appropriate therapy should be administered if the cancer reappears.