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Ontologies▸uberon▸classes▸UBERON:0002107   
liver
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107

Definition:

An exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].

Also appears indhbapridecpontbaoaism + 33
Related Synonyms
iecur
jecur
Depicted by
Leber_Schaf.jpg
    class Information
    axiom_lost_from_external_ontology

    relationship type change: differentiates_from endoderm (AAO:0000139) CHANGED TO: develops_from endoderm (endoderm)[AAO]

    external_definition

    Organ which secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins.[AAO]

    external_ontology_notes

    Only ZFA considers this part_of immune system - we weaken this to an overlaps relation, as in general it's only a subset of cells that have clear immune function.

    function_notes

    secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes[GO].

    has_obo_namespace

    uberon

    has_relational_adjective

    hepatic

    homology_notes

    All vertebrates possess a liver (reference 1); Later in craniate evolution, an anterior gill arch was transformed into jaws, and many new types of feeding subsequently evolved.(...) A liver evolved that, among its many functions, stores considerable energy as glycogen or lipid (reference 2).[well established][VHOG]

    present in taxon

    Homo sapiensncbitaxon

    taxon_notes
    • An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus. However, this is an enzyme secreting gland, not a metabolic organ, and it is unclear how truly homologous it is to the vertebrate liver. The zebrafish liver differs from the mammalian liver in that the hepatocytes are not clearly organized in cords or lobules and the typical portal triads are not apparent. In addition, the zebrafish liver does not have Kuppfer cells. Furthermore, a clear distinction can be made between the male and female liver in the adult zebrafish. The female hepatocytes are very basophilic (Figure 15c) as a result of the production of vitellogenin (Van der Ven et al. 2003).
    • The liver is found in all vertebrates, and is typically the largest visceral organ. Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs. Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form. The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates.
    class Relations
    Disjoint with

    hepatopancreas

    Subclass of
    Related from
    has potential to develop into
    results in development of
    channels_into
    produced by
    vessel supplies blood to
    results in morphogenesis of
    indirectly_supplies
    bounding layer of
    vessel drains blood from