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Showing metabocard for Acetic acid (HMDB0000042)

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IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (39)transporters (2) Show 41 proteinsXML
enzymes (39)transporters (2) Show 41 proteins
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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:28 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000042
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00042
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAcetic acid
Description
Structure
Thumb
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000042 (Acetic acid)

  Mrv1652303182019222D          

  4  3  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.0074   -0.2417    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7144   -0.6413    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0095    0.6669    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7144   -0.6669    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  2  0  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000042 (Acetic acid)

HMDB0000042
     RDKit          3D
Acetic acid
  8  7  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -0.8628   -0.1331    0.1681 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4641    0.4946   -0.0246 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6007    1.6760   -0.3431 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5981   -0.2845    0.1624 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4550   -0.0792   -0.7848 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3826    0.4429    0.9878 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7899   -1.1957    0.4468 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8273   -0.9209   -0.6126 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  2  4  1  0
  1  5  1  0
  1  6  1  0
  1  7  1  0
  4  8  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0000042 (Acetic acid)

  Mrv1652303182019222D          

  4  3  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.0074   -0.2417    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7144   -0.6413    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0095    0.6669    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7144   -0.6669    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  2  0  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000042

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
CC(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)

> <INCHI_KEY>
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C2H4O2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
60.052

> <EXACT_MASS>
60.021129372

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
8

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
5.338057886014139

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
acetic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-0.12

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.2233457143333334

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.73

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
4.543439679000835

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
37.3

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
12.643699999999999

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
3.23e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
acetic acid

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0000042 (Acetic acid)

HMDB0000042
     RDKit          3D
Acetic acid
  8  7  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -0.8628   -0.1331    0.1681 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4641    0.4946   -0.0246 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6007    1.6760   -0.3431 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5981   -0.2845    0.1624 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4550   -0.0792   -0.7848 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3826    0.4429    0.9878 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7899   -1.1957    0.4468 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8273   -0.9209   -0.6126 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  2  4  1  0
  1  5  1  0
  1  6  1  0
  1  7  1  0
  4  8  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000042 (Acetic acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 18-MAR-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   18-MAR-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      -0.014  -0.451   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0       1.334  -1.197   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0      -0.018   1.245   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0      -1.334  -1.245   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    3    4                                                  
CONECT    2    1                                                            
CONECT    3    1                                                            
CONECT    4    1                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    4    0    6    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000042 (Acetic acid)

COMPND    HMDB0000042
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -0.863  -0.133   0.168  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       0.464   0.495  -0.025  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O1  UNL     1       0.601   1.676  -0.343  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  O2  UNL     1       1.598  -0.285   0.162  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    5  H1  UNL     1      -1.455  -0.079  -0.785  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    6  H2  UNL     1      -1.383   0.443   0.988  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    7  H3  UNL     1      -0.790  -1.196   0.447  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    8  H4  UNL     1       1.827  -0.921  -0.613  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    5    6    7
CONECT    2    3    3    4
CONECT    4    8
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000042 (Acetic acid)

CC(O)=O
Download

INCHI for HMDB0000042 (Acetic acid)

InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC2H4O2
Average Molecular Weight60.052
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight60.021129372
IUPAC Nameacetic acid
Traditional Nameacetic acid
CAS Registry Number64-19-7
SMILES
CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)
InChI KeyQTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group with the formula -C(=O)OH.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassCarboxylic acids
Direct ParentCarboxylic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Organoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Industrial applicationBiological role
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point16.6 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1000 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-0.17HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
  • Golgi apparatus
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Breast Milk
  • Breath
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Early preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
Pregnancy
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
  2. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
  3. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8. [PubMed:23313728 ]
  4. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [PubMed:23535240 ]
  5. Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
Late-onset preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
Asthma
  1. Dragonieri S, Schot R, Mertens BJ, Le Cessie S, Gauw SA, Spanevello A, Resta O, Willard NP, Vink TJ, Rabe KF, Bel EH, Sterk PJ: An electronic nose in the discrimination of patients with asthma and controls. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007 Oct;120(4):856-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.043. Epub 2007 Jul 20. [PubMed:17658592 ]
Multiple sclerosis
  1. Lutz NW, Viola A, Malikova I, Confort-Gouny S, Audoin B, Ranjeva JP, Pelletier J, Cozzone PJ: Inflammatory multiple-sclerosis plaques generate characteristic metabolic profiles in cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One. 2007 Jul 4;2(7):e595. [PubMed:17611627 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Marchesi JR, Holmes E, Khan F, Kochhar S, Scanlan P, Shanahan F, Wilson ID, Wang Y: Rapid and noninvasive metabonomic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease. J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):546-51. [PubMed:17269711 ]
  2. Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Marchesi JR, Holmes E, Khan F, Kochhar S, Scanlan P, Shanahan F, Wilson ID, Wang Y: Rapid and noninvasive metabonomic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease. J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):546-51. [PubMed:17269711 ]
  2. Garner CE, Smith S, de Lacy Costello B, White P, Spencer R, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM: Volatile organic compounds from feces and their potential for diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease. FASEB J. 2007 Jun;21(8):1675-88. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [PubMed:17314143 ]
  3. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
  4. Ahmed I, Greenwood R, Costello B, Ratcliffe N, Probert CS: Investigation of faecal volatile organic metabolites as novel diagnostic biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Mar;43(5):596-611. doi: 10.1111/apt.13522. Epub 2016 Jan 25. [PubMed:26806034 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Monleon D, Morales JM, Barrasa A, Lopez JA, Vazquez C, Celda B: Metabolite profiling of fecal water extracts from human colorectal cancer. NMR Biomed. 2009 Apr;22(3):342-8. doi: 10.1002/nbm.1345. [PubMed:19006102 ]
  2. Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013. [PubMed:23940645 ]
  3. Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ]
  4. Lin Y, Ma C, Liu C, Wang Z, Yang J, Liu X, Shen Z, Wu R: NMR-based fecal metabolomics fingerprinting as predictors of earlier diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17;7(20):29454-64. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8762. [PubMed:27107423 ]
  5. Wang X, Wang J, Rao B, Deng L: Gut flora profiling and fecal metabolite composition of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med. 2017 Jun;13(6):2848-2854. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4367. Epub 2017 Apr 20. [PubMed:28587349 ]
  6. Silke Matysik, Caroline Ivanne Le Roy, Gerhard Liebisch, Sandrine Paule Claus. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends in Food Science & Technology. Vol. 57, Part B, Nov. 2016, p.244-255 [Link]
Irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
  2. Hong YS, Hong KS, Park MH, Ahn YT, Lee JH, Huh CS, Lee J, Kim IK, Hwang GS, Kim JS: Metabonomic understanding of probiotic effects in humans with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 May-Jun;45(5):415-25. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318207f76c. [PubMed:21494186 ]
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  1. Raman M, Ahmed I, Gillevet PM, Probert CS, Ratcliffe NM, Smith S, Greenwood R, Sikaroodi M, Lam V, Crotty P, Bailey J, Myers RP, Rioux KP: Fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound metabolome in obese humans with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jul;11(7):868-75.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.015. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [PubMed:23454028 ]
Celiac disease
  1. Di Cagno R, De Angelis M, De Pasquale I, Ndagijimana M, Vernocchi P, Ricciuti P, Gagliardi F, Laghi L, Crecchio C, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Duodenal and faecal microbiota of celiac children: molecular, phenotype and metabolome characterization. BMC Microbiol. 2011 Oct 4;11:219. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-219. [PubMed:21970810 ]
Autism
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
  1. De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
Diverticular disease
  1. Tursi A, Mastromarino P, Capobianco D, Elisei W, Miccheli A, Capuani G, Tomassini A, Campagna G, Picchio M, Giorgetti G, Fabiocchi F, Brandimarte G: Assessment of Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease of the Colon. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;50 Suppl 1:S9-S12. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000626. [PubMed:27622378 ]
Gout
  1. Shao T, Shao L, Li H, Xie Z, He Z, Wen C: Combined Signature of the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in Patients with Gout. Front Microbiol. 2017 Feb 21;8:268. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00268. eCollection 2017. [PubMed:28270806 ]
Sepsis
  1. Stewart CJ, Embleton ND, Marrs ECL, Smith DP, Fofanova T, Nelson A, Skeath T, Perry JD, Petrosino JF, Berrington JE, Cummings SP: Longitudinal development of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm neonates with late onset sepsis and healthy controls. Microbiome. 2017 Jul 12;5(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0295-1. [PubMed:28701177 ]
Enteritis
  1. Probert CS, Jones PR, Ratcliffe NM: A novel method for rapidly diagnosing the causes of diarrhoea. Gut. 2004 Jan;53(1):58-61. [PubMed:14684577 ]
Lung Cancer
  1. Stretch C, Eastman T, Mandal R, Eisner R, Wishart DS, Mourtzakis M, Prado CM, Damaraju S, Ball RO, Greiner R, Baracos VE: Prediction of skeletal muscle and fat mass in patients with advanced cancer using a metabolomic approach. J Nutr. 2012 Jan;142(1):14-21. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.147751. Epub 2011 Dec 7. [PubMed:22157537 ]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Silva CL, Passos M, Camara JS: Solid phase microextraction, mass spectrometry and metabolomic approaches for detection of potential urinary cancer biomarkers--a powerful strategy for breast cancer diagnosis. Talanta. 2012 Jan 30;89:360-8. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.041. Epub 2011 Dec 22. [PubMed:22284503 ]
Argininosuccinic aciduria
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Propionic acidemia
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Tyrosinemia I
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Phenylketonuria
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Maple syrup urine disease
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB03166
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB019725
KNApSAcK IDC00001176
Chemspider ID171
KEGG Compound IDC00033
BioCyc IDACET
BiGG ID33590
Wikipedia LinkAcetic_acid
METLIN ID3206
PubChem Compound176
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15366
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDAC
MarkerDB IDMDB00000021
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceLaw, David John. Process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof. PCT Int. Appl. (2007), 14pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 41 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Key enzyme in ketogenesis (ketone body formation). Terminal step in leucine catabolism.
Gene Name:
HMGCL
Uniprot ID:
P35914
Molecular weight:
34359.84
Reactions
3-Hydroxy-3-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)glutaryl-CoA → 7-Methyl-3-oxo-6-octenoyl-CoA + Acetic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
2. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 12
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA.
Gene Name:
ACOT12
Uniprot ID:
Q8WYK0
Molecular weight:
62033.46
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + Water → Coenzyme A + Acetic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
3. Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic
General function:
Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity
Specific function:
Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation.
Gene Name:
ACSS2
Uniprot ID:
Q9NR19
Molecular weight:
78579.11
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Acetic acid + Coenzyme A → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoAdetails
Adenosine triphosphate + Acetic acid → Pyrophosphate + Acetyl adenylatedetails
Enzyme Details
4. Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity
Specific function:
Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting and for energy homeostasis. Essential for energy expenditure under ketogenic conditions (By similarity). Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be used for oxidation through the tricarboxylic cycle to produce ATP and CO(2).
Gene Name:
ACSS1
Uniprot ID:
Q9NUB1
Molecular weight:
74625.88
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Acetic acid + Coenzyme A → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoAdetails
Adenosine triphosphate + Acetic acid → Pyrophosphate + Acetyl adenylatedetails
Enzyme Details
5. Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3
General function:
Involved in arylesterase activity
Specific function:
Has low activity towards the organophosphate paraxon and aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Rapidly hydrolyzes lactones such as statin prodrugs (e.g. lovastatin). Hydrolyzes aromatic lactones and 5- or 6-member ring lactones with aliphatic substituents but not simple lactones or those with polar substituents.
Gene Name:
PON3
Uniprot ID:
Q15166
Molecular weight:
39607.185
Reactions
A phenyl acetate + Water → a phenol + Acetic aciddetails
4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate + Water → Hydroquinone + Acetic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
6. Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1
General function:
Involved in arylesterase activity
Specific function:
Hydrolyzes the toxic metabolites of a variety of organophosphorus insecticides. Capable of hydrolyzing a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and lactones, and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Mediates an enzymatic protection of low density lipoproteins against oxidative modification and the consequent series of events leading to atheroma formation.
Gene Name:
PON1
Uniprot ID:
P27169
Molecular weight:
39730.99
Reactions
A phenyl acetate + Water → a phenol + Acetic aciddetails
4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate + Water → Hydroquinone + Acetic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
7. Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 2
General function:
Involved in arylesterase activity
Specific function:
Capable of hydrolyzing lactones and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Has antioxidant activity. Is not associated with high density lipoprotein. Prevents LDL lipid peroxidation, reverses the oxidation of mildly oxidized LDL, and inhibits the ability of MM-LDL to induce monocyte chemotaxis.
Gene Name:
PON2
Uniprot ID:
Q15165
Molecular weight:
39380.535
Reactions
A phenyl acetate + Water → a phenol + Acetic aciddetails
4-Hydroxyphenyl acetate + Water → Hydroquinone + Acetic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
8. 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma-butyrobetaine. Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction.
Gene Name:
ALDH9A1
Uniprot ID:
P49189
Molecular weight:
56291.485
Reactions
Acetaldehyde + NAD + Water → Acetic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
9. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde. They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation. This protein preferentially oxidizes aromatic aldehyde substrates. It may play a role in the oxidation of toxic aldehydes.
Gene Name:
ALDH3A1
Uniprot ID:
P30838
Molecular weight:
50394.57
Reactions
Acetaldehyde + NADP + Water → Acetic acid + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
10. Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by metabolizing a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. Involved in lysine catabolism.
Gene Name:
ALDH7A1
Uniprot ID:
P49419
Molecular weight:
58486.74
Reactions
Acetaldehyde + NAD + Water → Acetic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Monocarboxylate transporter 1
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate
Gene Name:
SLC16A1
Uniprot ID:
P53985
Molecular weight:
53957.7
References
  1. Tamai I, Sai Y, Ono A, Kido Y, Yabuuchi H, Takanaga H, Satoh E, Ogihara T, Amano O, Izeki S, Tsuji A: Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;51(10):1113-21. [PubMed:10579682 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost
Gene Name:
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID:
O94956
Molecular weight:
76697.9
References
  1. Kobayashi D, Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Involvement of human organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B (SLC21A9) in pH-dependent transport across intestinal apical membrane. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Aug;306(2):703-8. Epub 2003 Apr 30. [PubMed:12724351 ]
  2. Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Functional characterization of pH-sensitive organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B in human. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):438-45. Epub 2003 Nov 10. [PubMed:14610227 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 41 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters