Hmdb loader

Showing metabocard for 4-Hydroxybutyric acid (HMDB0000710)

Jump To Section:
IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (5)transporters (3) Show 8 proteinsXML
enzymes (5)transporters (3) Show 8 proteins
Read more...Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:15:05 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000710
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0015507
  • HMDB00710
  • HMDB15507
Metabolite Identification
Common Name4-Hydroxybutyric acid
Description
Structure
Data?1676999705
MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000710 (4-Hydroxybutyric acid)

  Mrv1652307072019582D          

  7  6  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.3578   -0.6186    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0727   -0.2068    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7876   -0.6186    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0727    0.6186    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3563   -0.2068    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0719   -0.6186    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7876   -0.2068    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  2  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0000710 (4-Hydroxybutyric acid)

HMDB0000710
     RDKit          3D
4-Hydroxybutyric acid
 15 14  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -2.1528   -0.1631    1.1215 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9111    0.2158   -0.0595 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9931    0.3371   -0.9162 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5016    0.5004   -0.4295 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2840   -0.7629   -0.0936 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7659   -0.5838   -0.4160 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3476    0.4350    0.3065 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1608    1.2490   -1.3394 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3752    0.7302   -1.4861 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1134    1.3710    0.1749 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0841   -1.5641   -0.7822 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1608   -1.0367    0.9684 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2378   -1.5758   -0.2467 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8207   -0.3323   -1.5075 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6751    1.1801   -0.2779 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  3  8  1  0
  4  9  1  0
  4 10  1  0
  5 11  1  0
  5 12  1  0
  6 13  1  0
  6 14  1  0
  7 15  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0000710 (4-Hydroxybutyric acid)

  Mrv1652307072019582D          

  7  6  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.3578   -0.6186    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0727   -0.2068    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7876   -0.6186    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0727    0.6186    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3563   -0.2068    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0719   -0.6186    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7876   -0.2068    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  2  0  0  0  0
  5  6  1  0  0  0  0
  6  7  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000710

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
OCCCC(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h5H,1-3H2,(H,6,7)

> <INCHI_KEY>
SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C4H8O3

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
104.1045

> <EXACT_MASS>
104.047344122

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
15

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
10.166134903961725

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
4-hydroxybutanoic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-0.63

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.5149198190000002

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.68

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA>
15.98255965448772

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
4.440873954984472

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.3817124873466886

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
57.53

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
23.800299999999996

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
4.94e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
gamma hydroxybutyric acid

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0000710 (4-Hydroxybutyric acid)

HMDB0000710
     RDKit          3D
4-Hydroxybutyric acid
 15 14  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -2.1528   -0.1631    1.1215 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.9111    0.2158   -0.0595 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9931    0.3371   -0.9162 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5016    0.5004   -0.4295 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2840   -0.7629   -0.0936 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7659   -0.5838   -0.4160 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3476    0.4350    0.3065 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1608    1.2490   -1.3394 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3752    0.7302   -1.4861 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1134    1.3710    0.1749 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0841   -1.5641   -0.7822 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1608   -1.0367    0.9684 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.2378   -1.5758   -0.2467 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8207   -0.3323   -1.5075 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6751    1.1801   -0.2779 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  3  8  1  0
  4  9  1  0
  4 10  1  0
  5 11  1  0
  5 12  1  0
  6 13  1  0
  6 14  1  0
  7 15  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for HMDB0000710 (4-Hydroxybutyric acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 07-JUL-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   07-JUL-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      -0.668  -1.155   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      -2.002  -0.386   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0      -3.337  -1.155   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0      -2.002   1.155   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       0.665  -0.386   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       2.001  -1.155   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  O   UNK     0       3.337  -0.386   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    5                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3    4                                                  
CONECT    3    2                                                            
CONECT    4    2                                                            
CONECT    5    1    6                                                       
CONECT    6    5    7                                                       
CONECT    7    6                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    7    0   12    0
END
Download

3D PDB for HMDB0000710 (4-Hydroxybutyric acid)

COMPND    HMDB0000710
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1      -2.153  -0.163   1.121  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1      -1.911   0.216  -0.060  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O2  UNL     1      -2.993   0.337  -0.916  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C2  UNL     1      -0.502   0.500  -0.430  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1       0.284  -0.763  -0.094  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C4  UNL     1       1.766  -0.584  -0.416  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  O3  UNL     1       2.348   0.435   0.307  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  H1  UNL     1      -3.161   1.249  -1.339  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    9  H2  UNL     1      -0.375   0.730  -1.486  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H3  UNL     1      -0.113   1.371   0.175  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H4  UNL     1      -0.084  -1.564  -0.782  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H5  UNL     1       0.161  -1.037   0.968  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H6  UNL     1       2.238  -1.576  -0.247  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H7  UNL     1       1.821  -0.332  -1.508  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H8  UNL     1       2.675   1.180  -0.278  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2
CONECT    2    3    4
CONECT    3    8
CONECT    4    5    9   10
CONECT    5    6   11   12
CONECT    6    7   13   14
CONECT    7   15
END
Download

SMILES for HMDB0000710 (4-Hydroxybutyric acid)

OCCCC(O)=O
Download

INCHI for HMDB0000710 (4-Hydroxybutyric acid)

InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h5H,1-3H2,(H,6,7)
Download
View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC4H8O3
Average Molecular Weight104.1045
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight104.047344122
IUPAC Name4-hydroxybutanoic acid
Traditional Namegamma hydroxybutyric acid
CAS Registry Number591-81-1
SMILES
OCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C4H8O3/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h5H,1-3H2,(H,6,7)
InChI KeySJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentHydroxy fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Short-chain hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Straight chain fatty acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Industrial applicationIndirect biological roleBiological role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
  1. Ergezinger K, Jeschke R, Frauendienst-Egger G, Korall H, Gibson KM, Schuster VH: Monitoring of 4-hydroxybutyric acid levels in body fluids during vigabatrin treatment in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Ann Neurol. 2003 Nov;54(5):686-9. [PubMed:14595661 ]
  2. Shinka T, Inoue Y, Ohse M, Ito A, Ohfu M, Hirose S, Kuhara T: Rapid and sensitive detection of urinary 4-hydroxybutyric acid and its related compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a patient with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 Aug 25;776(1):57-63. [PubMed:12127325 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Attachment loss
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Missing teeth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Periodontal Probing Depth
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Tooth Decay
  1. Liebsch C, Pitchika V, Pink C, Samietz S, Kastenmuller G, Artati A, Suhre K, Adamski J, Nauck M, Volzke H, Friedrich N, Kocher T, Holtfreter B, Pietzner M: The Saliva Metabolome in Association to Oral Health Status. J Dent Res. 2019 Jun;98(6):642-651. doi: 10.1177/0022034519842853. Epub 2019 Apr 26. [PubMed:31026179 ]
Glutaric aciduria II
  1. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 271980 (Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency)
  • 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
  • 231680 (Glutaric aciduria II)
  • 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022196
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID9984
KEGG Compound IDC01991
BioCyc ID4-HYDROXY-BUTYRATE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkOxybate
METLIN ID5678
PubChem Compound10413
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID30830
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH ID4HDXBUTN
MarkerDB IDMDB00000230
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceTakigawa, Shinichiro; Araya, Shuzo. Process for the preparation of g-hydroxybutyric acid as a synthetic intermediate. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (1988), 3 pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs and xenobiotic compounds. Sulfonation increases the water solubility of most compounds, and therefore their renal excretion, but it can also result in bioactivation to form active metabolites. Sulfates hydroxysteroids like DHEA. Isoform 1 preferentially sulfonates cholesterol, and isoform 2 avidly sulfonates pregnenolone but not cholesterol.
Gene Name:
SULT2B1
Uniprot ID:
O00204
Molecular weight:
39598.595
Reactions
4-Hydroxybutyric acid → 4-(sulfooxy)butanoic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
2. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Specific function:
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
Gene Name:
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID:
P22309
Molecular weight:
59590.91
Reactions
4-Hydroxybutyric acid → 6-(3-carboxypropoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
4-Hydroxybutyric acid → 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(4-hydroxybutanoyl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
3. Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2
General function:
Energy production and conversion
Specific function:
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of succinic semialdehyde to gamma-hydroxybutyrate. May have an important role in producing the neuromodulator gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Has broad substrate specificity. Has NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase activity towards 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and pyridine-2-aldehyde (in vitro). Can reduce 1,2-naphthoquinone and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (in vitro). Can reduce the dialdehyde protein-binding form of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to the non-binding AFB1 dialcohol. May be involved in protection of liver against the toxic and carcinogenic effects of AFB1, a potent hepatocarcinogen.
Gene Name:
AKR7A2
Uniprot ID:
O43488
Molecular weight:
39588.65
Reactions
4-Hydroxybutyric acid + NADP → Succinic acid semialdehyde + NADPHdetails
Enzyme Details
4. Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the cofactor-independent reversible oxidation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) to succinic semialdehyde (SSA) coupled to reduction of 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). D,L-3-hydroxyisobutyrate and L-3-hydroxybutyrate (L-3-OHB) are also substrates for HOT with 10-fold lower activities.
Gene Name:
ADHFE1
Uniprot ID:
Q8IWW8
Molecular weight:
50307.42
Reactions
4-Hydroxybutyric acid + Oxoglutaric acid → Succinic acid semialdehyde + D-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciddetails
Enzyme Details
5. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRB1
Uniprot ID:
P18505
Molecular weight:
54234.1
References
  1. Maitre M, Humbert JP, Kemmel V, Aunis D, Andriamampandry C: [A mechanism for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a drug and a substance of abuse]. Med Sci (Paris). 2005 Mar;21(3):284-9. [PubMed:15745703 ]

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Monocarboxylate transporter 4
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate
Gene Name:
SLC16A3
Uniprot ID:
O15427
Molecular weight:
49468.9
References
  1. Manning Fox JE, Meredith D, Halestrap AP: Characterisation of human monocarboxylate transporter 4 substantiates its role in lactic acid efflux from skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2000 Dec 1;529 Pt 2:285-93. [PubMed:11101640 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Monocarboxylate transporter 1
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate
Gene Name:
SLC16A1
Uniprot ID:
P53985
Molecular weight:
53957.7
References
  1. Lin RY, Vera JC, Chaganti RS, Golde DW: Human monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a high affinity pyruvate transporter. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 30;273(44):28959-65. [PubMed:9786900 ]
Enzyme Details
3. Monocarboxylate transporter 2
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate. MCT2 is a high affinity pyruvate transporter
Gene Name:
SLC16A7
Uniprot ID:
O60669
Molecular weight:
52185.7
References
  1. Lin RY, Vera JC, Chaganti RS, Golde DW: Human monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a high affinity pyruvate transporter. J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 30;273(44):28959-65. [PubMed:9786900 ]