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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:09 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001375
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01375
Metabolite Identification
Common Name3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
Description3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) (CAS: 1553-55-5) is formed when acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA in a reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase in the mevalonate pathway or mevalonate-dependent (MAD) route, an important cellular metabolic pathway present in virtually all organisms. HMG-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) inhibitors, more commonly known as statins, are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been widely used for many years to reduce the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway and these agents lower cholesterol by inhibiting its synthesis in the liver and in peripheral tissues. Androgen also stimulates lipogenesis in human prostate cancer cells directly by increasing transcription of the fatty acid synthase and HMG-CoA-reductase genes (PMID: 14689582 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC27H44N7O20P3S
Average Molecular Weight911.659
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight911.157467109
IUPAC Name(3S)-5-[(2-{3-[(2R)-3-[({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamido]propanamido}ethyl)sulfanyl]-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxopentanoic acid
Traditional NameHMG-CoA
CAS Registry Number26926-09-0
SMILES
C[C@](O)(CC(O)=O)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C27H44N7O20P3S/c1-26(2,21(40)24(41)30-5-4-15(35)29-6-7-58-17(38)9-27(3,42)8-16(36)37)11-51-57(48,49)54-56(46,47)50-10-14-20(53-55(43,44)45)19(39)25(52-14)34-13-33-18-22(28)31-12-32-23(18)34/h12-14,19-21,25,39-40,42H,4-11H2,1-3H3,(H,29,35)(H,30,41)(H,36,37)(H,46,47)(H,48,49)(H2,28,31,32)(H2,43,44,45)/t14-,19-,20-,21+,25-,27+/m1/s1
InChI KeyCABVTRNMFUVUDM-VRHQGPGLSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as (s)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl coas. These are 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl-CoAs where the 3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acyl thioesters
Direct Parent(S)-3-hydroxy-3-alkylglutaryl CoAs
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Coenzyme a or derivatives
  • Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate
  • Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate
  • Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
  • Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate
  • Pentose phosphate
  • Pentose-5-phosphate
  • Beta amino acid or derivatives
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • 6-aminopurine
  • Monosaccharide phosphate
  • Organic pyrophosphate
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Imidazopyrimidine
  • Purine
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Imidolactam
  • N-acyl-amine
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Monosaccharide
  • Fatty amide
  • Pyrimidine
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azole
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Thiocarboxylic acid ester
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxamide group
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carbothioic s-ester
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Azacycle
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Amine
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Peroxisome
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB030158
KNApSAcK IDC00007270
Chemspider ID392859
KEGG Compound IDC00356
BioCyc ID3-HYDROXY-3-METHYL-GLUTARYL-COA
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound445127
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15467
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDHMGCOA
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceWilliamson I P; Rodwell V W Isolation and purification of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A by ion-exchange chromatography. Journal of lipid research (1981), 22(1), 184-7.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Key enzyme in ketogenesis (ketone body formation). Terminal step in leucine catabolism.
Gene Name:
HMGCL
Uniprot ID:
P35914
Molecular weight:
34359.84
Reactions
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA → Acetyl-CoA + Acetoacetic aciddetails
General function:
Involved in hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
Specific function:
This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.
Gene Name:
HMGCS2
Uniprot ID:
P54868
Molecular weight:
52481.065
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + Water + Acetoacetyl-CoA → 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + Coenzyme Adetails
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + Coenzyme A → Acetyl-CoA + Water + Acetoacetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Involved in hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity
Specific function:
This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.
Gene Name:
HMGCS1
Uniprot ID:
Q01581
Molecular weight:
57293.105
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + Water + Acetoacetyl-CoA → 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + Coenzyme Adetails
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + Coenzyme A → Acetyl-CoA + Water + Acetoacetyl-CoAdetails
General function:
Involved in hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) activity
Specific function:
Transmembrane glycoprotein that is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as in the biosynthesis of nonsterol isoprenoids that are essential for normal cell function including ubiquinone and geranylgeranyl proteins.
Gene Name:
HMGCR
Uniprot ID:
P04035
Molecular weight:
97475.155
Reactions
Mevalonic acid + Coenzyme A + NADP → 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPHdetails
Mevalonic acid + Coenzyme A + NADP → 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA. Has very low enoyl-CoA hydratase activity. Was originally identified as RNA-binding protein that binds in vitro to clustered 5'-AUUUA-3' motifs.
Gene Name:
AUH
Uniprot ID:
Q13825
Molecular weight:
35608.18
Reactions
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA → 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA + Waterdetails
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA → 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA + Waterdetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Non-mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in ketogenesis, the products of which support energy production in nonhepatic animal tissues.
Gene Name:
HMGCLL1
Uniprot ID:
Q8TB92
Molecular weight:
36327.465
Reactions
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA → Acetyl-CoA + Acetoacetic aciddetails