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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-07-12 23:05:07 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001008
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0002309
  • HMDB01008
  • HMDB02309
Metabolite Identification
Common NameBiliverdin
DescriptionBiliverdin is a green pigment formed as a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown. It consists of four linearly connected pyrrole rings (a tetrapyrrole). Biliverdin is formed when the heme group in hemoglobin is cleaved at its alpha-methene bridge. The resulting biliverdin is then reduced to bilirubin, a yellow pigment, by the enzyme biliverdin reductase. The changing color of a bruise from deep purple to yellow over time is a graphical indicator of this reaction. Biliverdin occurs in the bile of amphibia and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
8,12-Bis(2-carboxyethyl)-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-3,18-divinylbilin-1(19)(21H,24H)-dioneChEBI
Biliverdin IX alphaChEBI
Biliverdin ixalphaChEBI
BiliverdineChEBI
BILIVERDINE IX ALPHAChEBI
Biliverdin IX aGenerator
Biliverdin IX αGenerator
BILIVERDINE IX aGenerator
BILIVERDINE IX αGenerator
Biliverdin IXHMDB
1,3,6,7-Tetramethyl-4,5-dicarboxyethyl-2,8-divinylbilenoneHMDB
DehydrobilirubinHMDB
Protobiliverdin IXHMDB
UteroverdineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC33H34N4O6
Average Molecular Weight582.657
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight582.247834831
IUPAC Name3-(2-{[(2Z)-3-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-{[(2Z)-4-ethenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ylidene]methyl}-4-methyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene]methyl}-5-{[(2Z)-3-ethenyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ylidene]methyl}-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propanoic acid
Traditional Namebiliverdine
CAS Registry Number114-25-0
SMILES
CC1=C(C=C)\C(NC1=O)=C\C1=C(C)C(CCC(O)=O)=C(N1)\C=C1/N=C(/C=C2\NC(=O)C(C=C)=C2C)C(C)=C1CCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C33H34N4O6/c1-7-20-19(6)32(42)37-27(20)14-25-18(5)23(10-12-31(40)41)29(35-25)15-28-22(9-11-30(38)39)17(4)24(34-28)13-26-16(3)21(8-2)33(43)36-26/h7-8,13-15,35H,1-2,9-12H2,3-6H3,(H,36,43)(H,37,42)(H,38,39)(H,40,41)/b26-13-,27-14-,28-15-
InChI KeyQBUVFDKTZJNUPP-BBROENKCSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bilirubins. These are organic compounds containing a dicarboxylic acyclic tetrapyrrole derivative.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassTetrapyrroles and derivatives
Sub ClassBilirubins
Direct ParentBilirubins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Bilirubin skeleton
  • Dipyrrin
  • Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Substituted pyrrole
  • Pyrrole
  • Pyrroline
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Carboxamide group
  • Ketimine
  • Lactam
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Azacycle
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Imine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point> 300 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker249.730932474
[M-H]-MetCCS_train_neg242.03930932474
[M+H]+Baker246.530932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
  • Nucleus
Biospecimen Locations
  • Feces
Tissue Locations
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB02073
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022366
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID10628548
KEGG Compound IDC00500
BioCyc IDBILIVERDINE
BiGG ID35167
Wikipedia LinkBiliverdin
METLIN ID5938
PubChem Compound5353439
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17033
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDBILIVERD
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceMora, Maria E.; Bari, Sara E.; Awruch, Josefina; Delfino, Jose M. On how the conformation of biliverdins influences their reduction to bilirubins: A biological and molecular modeling study. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry (2003), 11(21), 4661-467
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  2. Briz O, Macias RI, Serrano MA, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Bayon JE, Marin JJ: Excretion of foetal bilirubin by the rat placenta-maternal liver tandem. Placenta. 2003 May;24(5):462-72. [PubMed:12744922 ]
  3. Trull FR, Ibars O, Lightner DA: Conformation inversion of bilirubin formed by reduction of the biliverdin-human serum albumin complex: evidence from circular dichroism. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 1;298(2):710-4. [PubMed:1416999 ]
  4. Kunikata T, Itoh S, Ozaki T, Kondo M, Isobe K, Onishi S: Formation of propentdyopents and biliverdin, oxidized metabolites of bilirubin, in infants receiving oxygen therapy. Pediatr Int. 2000 Aug;42(4):331-6. [PubMed:10986860 ]
  5. Odrcich MJ, Graham CH, Kimura KA, McLaughlin BE, Marks GS, Nakatsu K, Brien JF: Heme oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase in the placenta of the guinea-pig during gestation. Placenta. 1998 Sep;19(7):509-16. [PubMed:9778124 ]
  6. Poon HF, Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Butterfield DA: Free radicals: key to brain aging and heme oxygenase as a cellular response to oxidative stress. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004 May;59(5):478-93. [PubMed:15123759 ]
  7. Beruter J, Colombo JP, Schlunegger UP: Isolation and identification of the urinary pigment uroerythrin. Eur J Biochem. 1975 Aug 1;56(1):239-44. [PubMed:1175621 ]
  8. Chrastil J: Spectrophotometric determination of cysteine and cystine in urine. Analyst. 1990 Oct;115(10):1383-4. [PubMed:2270876 ]
  9. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in heme oxygenase (decyclizing) activity
Specific function:
Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Heme oxygenase 2 could be implicated in the production of carbon monoxide in brain where it could act as a neurotransmitter.
Gene Name:
HMOX2
Uniprot ID:
P30519
Molecular weight:
36032.615
Reactions
Heme + AH(2) + Oxygen → Biliverdin + Fe2+ + CO + A + Waterdetails
Hemoglobin + FADH + Oxygen → Globin + Biliverdin + Carbon monoxide + Iron + FAD + Waterdetails
General function:
Involved in heme oxygenase (decyclizing) activity
Specific function:
Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed.
Gene Name:
HMOX1
Uniprot ID:
P09601
Molecular weight:
32818.345
Reactions
Heme + AH(2) + Oxygen → Biliverdin + Fe2+ + CO + A + Waterdetails
Hemoglobin + FADH + Oxygen → Globin + Biliverdin + Carbon monoxide + Iron + FAD + Waterdetails
General function:
Involved in biliverdin reductase activity
Specific function:
Reduces the gamma-methene bridge of the open tetrapyrrole, biliverdin IX alpha, to bilirubin with the concomitant oxidation of a NADH or NADPH cofactor.
Gene Name:
BLVRA
Uniprot ID:
P53004
Molecular weight:
33428.225
Reactions
Bilirubin + NAD(P)(+) → Biliverdin + NAD(P)Hdetails
Bilirubin + NAD → Biliverdin + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Bilirubin + NADP → Biliverdin + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Broad specificity oxidoreductase that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a variety of flavins, such as riboflavin, FAD or FMN, biliverdins, methemoglobin and PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone). Contributes to heme catabolism and metabolizes linear tetrapyrroles. Can also reduce the complexed Fe(3+) iron to Fe(2+) in the presence of FMN and NADPH. In the liver, converts biliverdin to bilirubin.
Gene Name:
BLVRB
Uniprot ID:
P30043
Molecular weight:
22119.215
Reactions
Bilirubin + NAD(P)(+) → Biliverdin + NAD(P)Hdetails
Bilirubin + NAD → Biliverdin + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Bilirubin + NADP → Biliverdin + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Involved in transcription regulator activity
Specific function:
Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues
Gene Name:
AHR
Uniprot ID:
P35869
Molecular weight:
96146.7